ﺍﻷﻴﺩﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ "ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺠﻴﺯﺓ
ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ )ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ( ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻋﺸﺭ، ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ، ﺹ72-85، ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ 9002
7413-0702 ISSN
ﺍﻷﻴﺩﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ "ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺠﻴﺯﺓ"
ﺩ. ﺨﻀﺭ ﻋﻁﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﺠﺯ
ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻗﺼﺼﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ
ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻼﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺘﺔ، ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺭ ﻁﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﻴﻥ، ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ، ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻭﺩﺓ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ، ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺘﻡ ﺒﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻷﻴﺩﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺼﻭﺹ. ﻓﺎﻷﻴﺩﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻑ ﻫﻲ ﺸﻜل، ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ـ ﻓﻜل ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺸﻜل ـ ﻭﻨﺤﻥ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻨﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺒﺎﻷﻴﺩﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ، ﻨﺩﺭﻙ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻨﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺭﻴﻥ ﻓـﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل، ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻴﺩﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ"، ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻘـﻭل ﺘﻴـﺭﻱ ﺇﻴﺠﻠﺘـﻭﻥ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﺫ ﺘﺤﺎﻭل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺍﺜﺔ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ، ﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﻬـﺩﻑ ﺇﻟـﻰ
ﺘﺤﺎﻭل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺝ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﻥ، ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻷﺩﺒﻴﺔ: ﻤـﻨﻬﺞ
ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ. "ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻪ، ﺒﻭﺼﻔﻪ ﻨﻭﻋﺎ ﺨﺎﺼﺎ ﻤﻥ ﹰ ﹰ )ﺒﺭﻭﻙ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ، 0002: 53ـ63(.
ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻨﺼﻲ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺸﻤﻭﻻ. ﻓﻠﻘﺩ ﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ "ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ، ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﹰ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﺩﺩﻩ" )ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻴﻥ، 7991: 36(.
ﻨﺤﻭ ﺃﻱ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﻊ ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻪ، ﻫﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻋﺒﺜﻴﺔ ﺃﺨﻼﻗﻲ، ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺜﺒﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﹰ ﹰ
Abstract
This study is trying to combine methodology, in the interpretation of literary texts: a study Formalism Pure, which spread throughout the past two decades, and The historical criticism methods, which have begun now to return under the name of cultural criticism, which interested in analysing the ideological content of the texts. Ideology, ultimately, is a form, in addition to being a content. Every system is a form. and when we talk about the relationship between aesthetic perception and ideology, we realize that we are talking about two elements in a single operation. The prevailing perception among people from the aesthetic response could be analysed, as a special kind of interaction between the processes of responding
7413-0702 ISSN
ﺍﻷﻴﺩﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ "ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺠﻴﺯﺓ"
ﺩ. ﺨﻀﺭ ﻋﻁﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﺠﺯ
ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻗﺼﺼﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ
ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻼﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺘﺔ، ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺭ ﻁﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﻴﻥ، ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ، ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻭﺩﺓ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ، ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺘﻡ ﺒﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻷﻴﺩﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺼﻭﺹ. ﻓﺎﻷﻴﺩﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻑ ﻫﻲ ﺸﻜل، ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ـ ﻓﻜل ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺸﻜل ـ ﻭﻨﺤﻥ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻨﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺒﺎﻷﻴﺩﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ، ﻨﺩﺭﻙ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻨﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺭﻴﻥ ﻓـﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل، ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻴﺩﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ"، ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻘـﻭل ﺘﻴـﺭﻱ ﺇﻴﺠﻠﺘـﻭﻥ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﺫ ﺘﺤﺎﻭل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺍﺜﺔ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ، ﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﻬـﺩﻑ ﺇﻟـﻰ
ﺘﺤﺎﻭل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺝ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﻥ، ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻷﺩﺒﻴﺔ: ﻤـﻨﻬﺞ
ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ. "ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻪ، ﺒﻭﺼﻔﻪ ﻨﻭﻋﺎ ﺨﺎﺼﺎ ﻤﻥ ﹰ ﹰ )ﺒﺭﻭﻙ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ، 0002: 53ـ63(.
ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻨﺼﻲ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺸﻤﻭﻻ. ﻓﻠﻘﺩ ﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ "ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ، ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﹰ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﺩﺩﻩ" )ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻴﻥ، 7991: 36(.
ﻨﺤﻭ ﺃﻱ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﻊ ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻪ، ﻫﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻋﺒﺜﻴﺔ ﺃﺨﻼﻗﻲ، ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺜﺒﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﹰ ﹰ
Abstract
This study is trying to combine methodology, in the interpretation of literary texts: a study Formalism Pure, which spread throughout the past two decades, and The historical criticism methods, which have begun now to return under the name of cultural criticism, which interested in analysing the ideological content of the texts. Ideology, ultimately, is a form, in addition to being a content. Every system is a form. and when we talk about the relationship between aesthetic perception and ideology, we realize that we are talking about two elements in a single operation. The prevailing perception among people from the aesthetic response could be analysed, as a special kind of interaction between the processes of responding