S.I.P
SCIENCE INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
GRADE VIII
Acknowledgement We want to extend our sincerest appreciation to the following people who helped us to make this Science Investigatory Project. They are the people who contributed much for the success of this project. To God, for his gift of wisdom and understanding to us and for answering our prayers on time of needs. To our Science teacher, Mrs. Marlyn G. Carandang for teaching us the fundamental of research and investigatory writing and for showing a great deal of patience through at times we tend to be naughty. To our parents and family members, for the unending love and support that they gave to us. To the observer/respondents, for their integrity and cooperation.
And lastly, to all those who were a part of this work, we would like to extend our deepest thanks.
Chapter
I
Chapter I
Introduction
A. Background of the Study: What do a wheelchair lift, an excavator at a construction site and a dentist’s chair have in common? The ability to lift a heavy load. And in all these examples the ability is there to the power of hydraulics. Hydraulics is the study of liquids and their mechanical properties. For instance, how they move, resist movement, act when subject to pressure, and so forth. In engineering, one application of hydraulic is using liquids like water and oil, to move things. Why we need to use a liquid to move things? Why we use liquid to move instead of air? One important reason is that liquid is incompressible. Incompressible, which means that if you press on it, you cannot change, its volume. For example if you have a cup filled with marshmallows, you can fit even more marshmallows into the cup by compressing (squeezing) the marshmallows together. But if the glass is full of water, there is no way you can fit move water into no matter how hard you squeeze! Since liquid is incompressible applying a force. Force (for example, a push or a pull) to one end of a hydraulic
GRADE VIII
Acknowledgement We want to extend our sincerest appreciation to the following people who helped us to make this Science Investigatory Project. They are the people who contributed much for the success of this project. To God, for his gift of wisdom and understanding to us and for answering our prayers on time of needs. To our Science teacher, Mrs. Marlyn G. Carandang for teaching us the fundamental of research and investigatory writing and for showing a great deal of patience through at times we tend to be naughty. To our parents and family members, for the unending love and support that they gave to us. To the observer/respondents, for their integrity and cooperation.
And lastly, to all those who were a part of this work, we would like to extend our deepest thanks.
Chapter
I
Chapter I
Introduction
A. Background of the Study: What do a wheelchair lift, an excavator at a construction site and a dentist’s chair have in common? The ability to lift a heavy load. And in all these examples the ability is there to the power of hydraulics. Hydraulics is the study of liquids and their mechanical properties. For instance, how they move, resist movement, act when subject to pressure, and so forth. In engineering, one application of hydraulic is using liquids like water and oil, to move things. Why we need to use a liquid to move things? Why we use liquid to move instead of air? One important reason is that liquid is incompressible. Incompressible, which means that if you press on it, you cannot change, its volume. For example if you have a cup filled with marshmallows, you can fit even more marshmallows into the cup by compressing (squeezing) the marshmallows together. But if the glass is full of water, there is no way you can fit move water into no matter how hard you squeeze! Since liquid is incompressible applying a force. Force (for example, a push or a pull) to one end of a hydraulic