Preview

O Empirismo Baconiano

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
3788 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
O Empirismo Baconiano
O Empirismo Baconiano

Em uma época de dúvida e de questionamento do que se sabia até então, Sir Francis Bacon buscou um “verdadeiro e extraordinário progresso do saber”, assim como uma “reforma total do conhecimento humano”. Para que tal fosse alcançado ele deixou marcado o caminho a seguir. As descobertas e invenções científicas resultantes dariam ao homem o controle sobre as forças da natureza -“saber é poder”.
A este projeto foi dado o nome de Grande Instauração. Ele abrangia seis partes, sendo a primeira, a classificação completa das ciências existentes; a segunda, a apresentação dos princípios de um novo método para conduzir a busca da verdade; a terceira, uma coleta de dados empíricos; a quarta, uma série de exemplos de aplicação do método; a quinta, uma lista de generalizações de suficiente interesse para mostrar o avanço permitido pelo novo método e a sexta, a nova filosofia que iria apresentar o resultado final organizado num sistema completo de axiomas.
O plano de Bacon não foi levado ao fim, restando referentes a ele apenas três obras. São elas: o De Dignitate et Augmentis Scientarum, que descreve a primeira parte, o Novum Organum, ligado à segunda parte e o História Natural, referente à terceira parte. Contudo, estas obras encontram-se distantes do que Sir Francis almejava.
Bacon dá início ao seu ambicioso projeto, descrito no Novum Organum, através da crítica aos que o antecederam. A eles, ele diz que não devemos ser como aranhas que fiam tirando do seu próprio interior, nem como formigas, que simplesmente recolhem, mas como abelhas que recolhem com um objetivo em mente.
Sir Francis reconhecia que os seus predecessores possuíam “inteligências fortes e agudas”, mas via que, por estarem “enclausurados nas celas dos mosteiros e nas universidades, mais atravancaram as ciências do que concorreram para aumentar-lhes o peso”. Eles chegavam a conclusões através das suas análises pessoais e não através da observação prática. Com estas bases, eles teciam

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    In Paulo Freire’s essay by definition, Pedagogy of the Oppressed means a method or practice of teaching of someone who is subject to harsh authoritarian treatment. The title gives forewarning to explain that the essay covers something in regards to education in a negative light. Freires thesis is to compare two concepts in education. The banking method in which he feels is the negative side to education and problem posing education, which he feels, is the solution to education.…

    • 986 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    3. “’ ‘Course there isn’t a beast in the forest. How could there be? What would a beast eat?’ ‘Pig.’ ‘We eat pig.’” (Golding 83).…

    • 389 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Neither Francis Bacon nor Paracelsus claims to be a professional alchemist, however, they both portray a strong defence as to why it is imperative to divulge the mysteries of nature. Both readings assert alchemy as a way of discovering the true forms of things. Paracelsus uses alchemy as a reference point of the past in defence for his use of medicine, whereas Bacon asserts through inductive reasoning that this ‘art of logic’ is how ‘we conquer nature’ (Bacon 1620). What they both get right is their concept of alchemy as an art, and how it is seen as ‘the art of discovery’ (Dawkins 1999). of the divine power. Bacon has two readings that both discuss the matter of alchemy, however, in diverse ways. Firstly, let us acknowledge his insisting on inductive reasoning. Essentially, Bacon presumes through inductive reasoning several interpretations of nature; he chooses this argumentative approach because of his inferences of the unobserved patterns of the future from particulars observed in the past. He suggests an entirely new system of logic, which is based on induction, rather than on syllogism. In fact, Bacon rejects proof by syllogism as it ‘operates in confusion and lets nature slip out of our hands’ (Bacon 1620). Through alchemy, we can conquer nature; overcome the ‘difficult and dark things’ (Bacon 1620). What’s more is the role he suggests of observational experiment as prerequisites for the construction of scientific theory (Bacon 1620). Paracelsus, on the other hand, convinces us that alchemy is ‘nothing, but the art, which can separate the useful from the useless, and transmute it into its final substance and its ultimate essence’ (Paracelsus 1951). He deduces that, without alchemy, there would not be medicine.…

    • 935 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Although Western Culture views cannibalism in any form as the pinnacle of savagery, the Europeans´ ignorance to understand Native cultures in the Americas during their urge for self-propagation led to the usage of circumstantial evidence as a scapegoat for the degradation and enslavement of a whole variety of different…

    • 1589 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    At first whenever you look at a similar story, it may have been told about the body eating. For many years the history and analysis of cannibalism was written from within a European or Western tradition little concerned with issues of power and representation. Renewed interest in the practice followed in part from Arens (1979).…

    • 1829 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    The purpose of this essay is to research and evaluate the digestive system effectively and extensively. Then describe the differences and indifferences of three different organisms in relation to their digestive system. The three organisms that have been chosen are the human, for comparative purposes, the Goliath Bird Eating Spider and the Cobra Lily carnivorous plant.…

    • 1005 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Best Essays

    Cowboys and Cattlemen

    • 3213 Words
    • 13 Pages

    [4] Myers, Norman. "The Hamburger Connection: How Central America 's Forests Become North America 's Hamburgers." Ambio Vol. 10, no. 1 (1981): 2-8.…

    • 3213 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Good Essays

    Muros Anclados

    • 4348 Words
    • 18 Pages

    Estos sistemas de construcción son de bastante utilidad en zonas de riesgo que se encuentran sometidas a derrumbes constantemente, estos proveen estabilidad al suelo, y es por esto que es importante conocer su funcionamiento además de los criterios que deben de tomarse en cuenta en su diseño y al momento de su construcción para que estos funcionen de manera segura y cumplan su función.…

    • 4348 Words
    • 18 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Sir Frances Bacon

    • 2805 Words
    • 8 Pages

    Another striking characteristic of bacon’s style is his constant use of figurative language. The language and style of his essays is largely filled with Latinisms, so that some knowledge of Latin language should be serviceable to the readers. His style of essays illustrates and reinforces his ideas and arguments with appropriate similes, metaphors and quotations. His essays are remarkable for its terseness. Condensation style is highly commendable.…

    • 2805 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Biology

    • 14608 Words
    • 59 Pages

    ENTRE QUE CELULAS HAY MAYOR DIFERENCIA, ENTRE LAS ANIMALES Y VEGETALES O ENTRE LAS CELULAS EUCARIOTICAS Y LAS PROCARIOTICAS?…

    • 14608 Words
    • 59 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    La Quinta Disciplina

    • 3403 Words
    • 14 Pages

    ENSAYO: LA QUINTA DISCIPLINA INTRODUCCIÓN. El presente ensayo analiza el libro “La quinta disciplina”, del autor Peter Senge; lo cual complementaremos con lectura basada en investigación documental, a efecto de ampliar nuestra perspectiva sobre el tema y así, poder emitir nuestras opiniones con mayor sustento académico. DESARROLLO. A efecto de generar aprendizajes, nuestros sistemas educativos han fragmentado el mundo real en sus diferentes partes, las cuales son analizadas de manera aislada por métodos inductivos, pretendiendo que desea manera entendamos lo que ocurre en nuestro mundo; sin embargo llega a tal grado dicha fragmentación del conocimiento, que al pretender reconstruir la realidad misma, no es posible dimensionarla de nuevo como una realidad integral y concreta, sino como una serie de fragmentos de rompecabezas, unidos de alguna manera, para intentar dar respuesta a la realidad concreta; entre más tiempo transcurre expuesto a estos abordajes, más dificultades se tienen para ver sistemáticamente la realidad concreta. Las organizaciones inteligentes requieren buscar y desarrollar elementos interactuantes, que generen sinergia en el aprendizaje, desarrollo, mejor desempeño y éxito traducido en competitividad sustentable. Para ello requieren contar con las siguientes disciplinas que generen valor agregado para la organización, en su interconexión, interdependencia y sinergia, siendo estas: a) Dominio personal, que genera interacción positiva…

    • 3403 Words
    • 14 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    Considering modern society nowadays, eating meat has become essential to our lives for the pleasure and for their products but at some point, all of us must ask ourselves “What if we were in the animals place and we were produced only to be consumed?”. To continue this discussion, we must take it to a philosophical level... so let’s get started, shall we? On the one hand, there would be no point in this reading without talking about the Utilitarian Theory which believes that it is ethically satisfactory to keep raising animals for food on the off chance that we enhance their living conditions, however it is not ethically worthy to kill them .On the other hand, there are the Deontological Theories…

    • 1374 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    As we can now observe, vegetarianism has become something fashionable, and the number of people who reject eating meat is constantly increasing. In Britain, for instance, over 5 million people have done it so far. It is obviously connected with the recent animal diseases, but this tendency is likely to spread on the other regions of the world. However, it is not only a fashion or fear of illnesses. I myself became a vegetarian about 2 years ago, and I can see a number of reasons why people should stop eating meat. They are mainly of ethic, economic and health type. Those who think in an ecological way should also be aware of how this meat consumption ruins our environment. I don't have an intention to force anybody to become a vegetarian, but I hope that my argumentation would be strong enough to make some people think about it, at least. In this essay I will try to present this point of view, expressing my personal feelings and showing scientific facts about the problem.…

    • 806 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    References: AMADO, J. (2005). “Contextos e Formas da Violência Escolar”. Revista Portuguesa de História, Separata, pp. 299-325. Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Coimbra, Tomo XXXVII. AMADO, J. (2001). Interacção pedagógica e indisciplina na aula. Porto: Edições ASA. AMADO, J. e FREIRE, I. (2009). Indisciplina(s) na escola. Compreender para prevenir. Coimbra: Almedina. BATES, F. & MURRAY, V. K. (1981). L’école, système de comportements, in A. BEAUDOT Sociologie de l’école- pour une analyse de l’établissement scolaire, pp. 53- 67, Paris: Dunod. BLAYA, C. (2003). Elementos de reflexão a partir do comparativismo europeu, in Desafios e alternativas: violências nas escolas. Anais do Seminário Internacional de Violências nas Escolas, pp. 37-56, Brasília, UNESCO, 27-28 de Novembro de 2002. BRONFENBRENNER, U. (1993). The Ecology of Cognitive Development: Research Models and Fugitive Findings, in R..H WOZNIAK & K.W. FISCHER. (Eds). Development in Context. Acting and Thinking in Specific Environments. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. BROPHY, J., & GOOD, T. (1986). Teacher behaviour and student achievement, in M. WITTROCK (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (3ª edição). New York: Macmillan. FERREIRA, E. (2007). Contextos, Pretextos e Protagonistas da (In)disciplina na Escola. Um estudo de caso numa Escola de 2º e 3º ciclo. Dissertação de Mestrado, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Lisboa (xeroxed text). FREIRE, I. (2001). Percursos disciplinares e contextos escolares – Dois estudos de caso. Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Lisboa. HENRIQUES, S. (2007). Indisciplina e Clima de escola. Estudo de caso n uma escola EB2,3/S. Dissertação de Mestrado, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Lisboa. LUCIANO, A. (2007). (In)disciplina em Contexto Escolar. Estudo de caso numa escola do 1º ciclo. Dissertação de Mestrado, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Lisboa. PRATA, C. (2006). O Fenómeno da Indisciplina numa Escola do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Dissertação de Mestrado, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Lisboa. International Journal of Violence and School – 8 – Juin 2009 96…

    • 3616 Words
    • 15 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    La física, al igual que muchas otras ciencias se encarga de explicar como funcionan o como pasan muchas de las cosas que nos rodean, entre las que destacamos todos los procesos naturales, estos estudios son útiles para permitir al ser humano duplicar ciertos fenómenos que son útiles para otras labores en beneficio de la comunidad. En este ensayo trataremos de mostrar algunos de los beneficios e influencias que tiene la física sobre la naturaleza en general.…

    • 1016 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Better Essays