nutritional needs
NUTRITIONAL NEEDS
Protein
4 calories/ g
0.8 g / kg / day
Meat
Fish
Chicken
Eggs
Dairy
Insufficient intake leads to muscle wasting and atrophy
Carbohydrates
4 calories / g
Starches
Sugars (fructose, glucose, lactose, sucrose) and cellulose
Fruits
Vegetables
Milk
Grains
Insufficient intake results in protein and fat metabolism
Fats
9 calories / g
Needed for ADEK vitamin absorption
Animal products
Egg yolks
Organ meats (except liver)
Butter
Cheese
Oils
Insufficient intake increases risk of infection, skin lesions, amenorrhea, and cold sensitivity
Thiamin (B1)
Pork
Wheat germ
Fortified cereals
Insufficiency leads to Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Riboflavin (B2)
Milk
Enriched grains
Insufficiency leads to Ariboflavinosis
Niacin (B3)
Peanuts
Legumes
Enriched grains
Insufficiency leads to diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis
Cobalamin (B12)
Animal protein
Insufficiency leads to pernicious anemia
Folic Acid
Orange juice
Meat
Leafy green vegetables
Insufficiency leads to anemia and neural tube defects
Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C): wound healing, hormone synthesis
Citrus fruits
Insufficiency leads to scurvy, bleeding gums
Vitamin A: vision, tissue growth, immune, reproductive function
Animal foods
Fruits
Vegetables
Fortified milk
Insufficiency leads to night blindness, xerophthalmia
Vitamin D: calcium and phosphorus metabolism, PTH, kidney
Dairy
Fortified food sources
Insufficiency leads to rickets, osteomalacia
Vitamin E: antioxidant, immune
Vegetable oil
Peanuts
Margarine
Insufficiency leads to hemolysis of RBCs
Vitamin K: blood clotting
Liver
Leafy green vegetables
Insufficiency leads to hemorrhage
Potassium
Apricots
Avocado
Bananas
Cantaloupes
Raw carrots
Peas / Dried beans
Dried fruits
Oranges
Peanuts
Potatoes
Prune juice
Spinach
Tomatoes
Winter squash
Calcium (also use for kidney stones)
Chocolate
Dairy
Beans
Lentils
Dried fruits
Canned / smoked
Protein
4 calories/ g
0.8 g / kg / day
Meat
Fish
Chicken
Eggs
Dairy
Insufficient intake leads to muscle wasting and atrophy
Carbohydrates
4 calories / g
Starches
Sugars (fructose, glucose, lactose, sucrose) and cellulose
Fruits
Vegetables
Milk
Grains
Insufficient intake results in protein and fat metabolism
Fats
9 calories / g
Needed for ADEK vitamin absorption
Animal products
Egg yolks
Organ meats (except liver)
Butter
Cheese
Oils
Insufficient intake increases risk of infection, skin lesions, amenorrhea, and cold sensitivity
Thiamin (B1)
Pork
Wheat germ
Fortified cereals
Insufficiency leads to Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Riboflavin (B2)
Milk
Enriched grains
Insufficiency leads to Ariboflavinosis
Niacin (B3)
Peanuts
Legumes
Enriched grains
Insufficiency leads to diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis
Cobalamin (B12)
Animal protein
Insufficiency leads to pernicious anemia
Folic Acid
Orange juice
Meat
Leafy green vegetables
Insufficiency leads to anemia and neural tube defects
Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C): wound healing, hormone synthesis
Citrus fruits
Insufficiency leads to scurvy, bleeding gums
Vitamin A: vision, tissue growth, immune, reproductive function
Animal foods
Fruits
Vegetables
Fortified milk
Insufficiency leads to night blindness, xerophthalmia
Vitamin D: calcium and phosphorus metabolism, PTH, kidney
Dairy
Fortified food sources
Insufficiency leads to rickets, osteomalacia
Vitamin E: antioxidant, immune
Vegetable oil
Peanuts
Margarine
Insufficiency leads to hemolysis of RBCs
Vitamin K: blood clotting
Liver
Leafy green vegetables
Insufficiency leads to hemorrhage
Potassium
Apricots
Avocado
Bananas
Cantaloupes
Raw carrots
Peas / Dried beans
Dried fruits
Oranges
Peanuts
Potatoes
Prune juice
Spinach
Tomatoes
Winter squash
Calcium (also use for kidney stones)
Chocolate
Dairy
Beans
Lentils
Dried fruits
Canned / smoked