9. If you placed the gel with the wells next to the red electrode instead of the black one is that the DNA would still be attracted to the positive electrode. The DNA samples would run quickly toward the top of the gel and out into the buffer.…
Negative controls in gel electrophoresis serve the purpose of indicating the presence of contaminants in the reaction mix used in the PCR or in the gel itself. In this run, there is no indication of any contaminants in the samples.…
4. Who discovered what material was responsible for transformation? What is the material?Oswald Avery DNA…
If DNA was digested with only enzyme X, four bands would be expected to be present after the electrophoretic separation of fragments. If…
1 How can scientists identify specific bacteria when they are amplifying and studying the same region of DNA in each species?…
Then we opened the tubes and using a sterile pipet we put 250 µl of transfer solution in and placed them on ice. Next we removed them from the ice and used a sterile loop to pick up a single colony of bacteria. We put a colony in both tubes and then placed both tubes back on the ice. After that, we placed a loopful of plasmid DNA into the positive pGLO. We then incubated the tubes on ice for ten minutes. After the ten minutes were up, we placed the tubes in a bath of forty two degree centigrade water for fifty seconds, and then quickly back onto the ice for two minutes. After that we removed them from the ice and added 250 µl of LB nutrient broth to the tubes and let them sit at room temperature for ten minutes. When the ten minutes had passed, we flicked the tubes to mix them and added 100 µl of transformation and control suspensions onto the appropriate plates. Finally we spread the solution using a sterile loop, stacked the plates, and placed them upside down in an incubator at thirty seven degrees…
4. Which of the DNA typing techniques do you think you would choose if you had to analyze a DNA sample? Why? I would choose the electronic gel technique.…
4. Which of the DNA typing techniques do you think you would choose if you had to analyze a DNA sample? Why?…
It has been approximately twenty months since 2001s September 11th terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, and still victims' bodies are in the process of being identified. In matters like this, forensic scientists are forced to "bring out the big guns." Researchers can compare DNA samples from bodies to those taken directly from the victim: from hair, a toothbrush, a family member, and etcetera (Whitfield 6).…
I viewed my other test tubes to see if it there was a chemical change in those.…
The size of the DNA region specifically recognized by type II restriction enzymes is typically:…
The unknown project was a very good realization of me and my partner going out by our selves. The very first day of the Unknown project I was acquainted with Denise who was very friendly and was very nice as far as assisting me in the project. The first day we were introduced too various different forms of the unknown such as broth, Blood agar plate, MSA plate, MAC plate, and the EMB plate. Before that we had done the 3 phase isolate which we had a possible of 10 points of achieving. In the isolation plate we had too take the sample of our unknown, which was the letter G. After we had done the 3-phase isolation plate we inoculated half of the plate, which was the S/D media. The Plate’s that we had provided too us were the BAP, MSA, MAC, and EMB. When we were successfully inoculated the S/D media the plates were put in the Incubator at approximated 37 degrees Celsius. The second day we had came into the laboratory we had too read the Nutrient Agar plate that was the one that we had too the 3 phase isolation plate. My results were somewhat correct but I had a lot of backtracking. After that we had too read the S/D Media, which we had, too diagram and describe each of the plates that we had put in the incubator. Once they had come out of the Incubator the results that I had achieved was the MSA plate was yellow, stinky, I did have growth, there were a positive match for small colonies, and was shiny. The second one that I had achieved was on the MAC plate. The color on this specific plate was red, it had smelled rotten, there was definitely some growth on the plate the texture was shiny and was not raised. Out of these plates I had somewhat of a indication of what the specimen was since after the gram stain we had done in lab we found out that on the MSA plate we had achieved Gram positive…
We placed the lambda DNA into three test tubes. We then incubated one sample with EcoRI, one with HindIII, and the other we left as a control. After we completed the experiment and ran the DNA, we found that the first band of the crime scene DNA traveled 3.5mm and the second band traveled 6.5mm. The actual size of the first crime scene band is 1,100bp and the second band is about 5,500bp. The first band of suspect 1 DNA traveled 3 mm and the second band traveled 6.5mm. The actual size of the first band is 10,000bp and the second band is 5,500bp. Suspect 2 DNA traveled 2.5mm and 7mm. The actual size of the first band is about 1,100bp and the second is about 5,000bp. Because Suspect 1 had bands that traveled the same distance as the crime scene DNA bands, then we were able to conclude that suspect 1 was the criminal. In our expected data, the crime scene DNA traveled 19mm, 21mm, and 32mm. The actual size was 3,800bp, 3,000bp, and 1,000bp. Suspect 1 DNA traveled 21mm, 29mm, and 31mm. The actual size was 3,000bp, 1,300bp, and 1,200bp. Suspect 2 DNA traveled 22mm, 26mm, and 29mm. The actual size was 2,500bp, 1,900bp, and 1,300bp. Suspect 3 DNA traveled 19mm, 21mm, and 32mm. The actual size was 3,800bp, 3,000bp, and 1,000bp. Suspect 4 DNA traveled 20mm, 29mm, and 37mm. The actual size was 3,500bp, 1,300bp, and 8,000bp. Suspect 5 DNA traveled 21mm, 24mm, and 29mm. The…
With the exception of identical twins, no two organisms have exactly the same DNA. Therefore, DNA is much more accurate than fingerprints or body markings for identifying an individual. DNA sequencing can also be used to diagnose genetic disorders and discover the relationship between a genotype and phenotype.…
In molecular biology, restriction fragment length polymorphism, or RFLP is a technique that exploits variations in homologous DNA sequences. It refers to a difference between samples of homologous DNA molecules that come from differing locations of restriction enzyme sites, and to a related laboratory technique by which these segments can be illustrated. In RFLP analysis, the DNA sample is broken into pieces (digested) by restriction enzymes and the resulting restriction fragments are separated according to their lengths by gel electrophoresis. Although now largely obsolete due to the rise of inexpensive DNA sequencing technologies, RFLP analysis was the first DNA profiling technique inexpensive enough to see widespread application. In addition to genetic fingerprinting, RFLP was an important tool in genome mapping, localization of genes for genetic disorders, determination of risk for disease, and paternity testing. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) is a difference in homologous DNA sequences that can be detected by the presence of fragments of different lengths after digestion of the DNA samples in question with specific restriction endonucleases. RFLP, as a molecular marker, is specific to a single clone/restriction enzyme combination. Most RFLP markers are co-dominant (both alleles in heterozygous sample will be detected) and highly locus-specific. An RFLP probe is a labeled DNA sequence that hybridizes with one or more fragments of the digested DNA sample after they were separated by gel electrophoresis, thus revealing a unique blotting pattern characteristic to a specific genotype at a specific locus. Short, single- or low-copy genomic DNA or cDNA clones are typically used as RFLP probes.The RFLP probes are frequently used in genome mapping and in variation analysis (genotyping, forensics, paternity tests, hereditary…