Cs101
CS101 Lecture Notes
Lecture Two: Canadian Media Instructors
What is an institution ex. A university government, institutions within CRTC is an institution organize our lives by institutions all have goals whether stated or unstated, they mediate our lives
What is a public broadcaster? CBC, TWO, Tele Quebec, Vision TV, Aboriginal Peoples Television Network Funded by the government through tax dollars funded but it serves your interests How are these interests formed? No matter how big or how small, they all meet our needs
The BBC is our former imperial 'master', it formed the outline of our system, their model. 1930s started and set our guideline, to educate and entertain formed as a part of democracy
CBC - To build the idea of Canada, created to imagine us (Canadian) as a whole through media creates cultural sovereignty canadian ideals and local ideas, all must feed into one Quebec still remains apart of the Canadian state why are we interested in this? government wants to create a national pride, keeping us united cultural policy, the forced integration of canadian culture into our lives. countries with low population have a hard time to maintain a cultural identity
BBC 1960's saw pop culture emerge
Canada was a late comer to Television came around in 1920s broadcasting began in 1940s 1950s when canada came to life in television, one in quebec, one in ontario less then 60 years of televisal policies, and of building a nation
what values do Canadians hold on television multicultural timmies commercial, canadian nationalism what is the ideal canadian man, a lumber jack, outdoors man - it's a fiction. Who is the idea canadian woman? Do canadians fly the flag as much as americans? we don't think we do, but evidence says we do what is canadas most multicultural city? Toronto
Should we be funding CBC, state policies? 34$ per person, per year: about the lowest UK 111$ US 70$??
What does it mean when we liberalize something? When we make something free political parties named based on where they stand on the spectrum
neoliberalism view that any way we can market we can do anything
What is the bias of news media? non researched thought: that its left leaning researched: centre right leaning CBC says their centred
Taught fallacies through media we accept them though cultural context is it okay that teachers are paid less then basketball teachers *Lincoln commission (by heritage committee) - inform direction of canadian policy
We produce our culture CULTURAL INDUSTRIES surprisingly, we have our own, we concern ourselves with cultural longevity even though US is 10 times our size, we must not be over powered by them we do have challenges showing ourselves as our own, we aren't big enough, they must all go to america to expand their production paternalism: this is what you should watch, this is what you should enjoy canadian broadcasting does not want you to lose what we have here
We accept a broader range of arguments then any of our surrounding and influencing countries we must think of tensions in cultural policy due to this by rebelling we contruct it even further
Lincoln Commission separate policy by sector tv, and film fund redirect priority programming (primetime) must have certain amount of canadian content want to convert to monetary influence broadcasting act must be changed local initiative must increase
CRTC is controlling cell phone plan prices
Civil society organizations: those who complain for when someone says something off putting on tv when places like the CRTC only get complaints we get a narrow view and the views showing that things were great before, become unknown
We all have a sense of cultural elitism until you are asked to vote against one try to make a culture that makes you believe that all canadian media is great we under value our own products then attempt to put them up against others
broadcasting act requires that: broadcasters be owned by canada broadcast in canadian national languages: english, french, inuit (circa 2012) MAPL system censors music, artists, performance and lyrics *see wikipedia
Key Terms publish broadcaster
Canadian values pluralism/multiculturalism canadian democracy
BBC Model: Inform - democracy Educate - to serve the country Entertain - to catch attention
CBC/BBC Relationship cultural Homogeneity cultural sovereignty
Cultural policy on Canadian Content MAPL CRTC neo liberalism and liberalism plutocracy cultural domination Americanization cultural elitism high culture vs. low culture political spectrum bias of news media lincoln commission broadcasting act
Lecture Three: Media Industries and Media Convergence
Industries and convergence
Print, movies, music, television
Who owns the content of your mind? we are learning freely learnable material who owns the other material? we don't own it, someone else owns a part of our mind messages that support canadian values, other messages through mass communication mass communication means how we use the media to mould and direct the public, US every where, we receive messages which are public, they are owned by someone however there is private media, tv in our rooms is private media television use to be a public media no one really owned a tv to themselves it is all very recent to have your own media, from 1980s boom boxes to now having media at the touch of your hand
In 1983, there were 50 major corps who produced most media in the world. We're now at 5/6
Francophone media canada, 3 crops make up 83% of canadian french media, including Quebecor Middle biases media, left of centre, but never leftist
These ideals created by us in the media through so many outlets direct our thoughts created by corporations Alternative Media - College newspapers, art newspapers
Administrative systems put out an outline of how we're suppose to live our lives but how are we suppose to be free within our realties and create our own experience?
Do we need democratic media to have a democracy do we need more voices in Canada to have a democracy? is it more likely that we'll have political parties that attach to major media outlets?
Major Media Producers: Walt Disney, Bertelsmann, Time Warner, Newscor, Viacom
Canadian Major Media Producers: CTVglobemedia, Canwest, Quebecor (Rogers and Shaw after) Hold newspapers, cable tv, radio, the media sphere
If these companies diversify they become horizontally integrated companies** vertical integration: own the whole supply chain
"theyrule.net" - See who is on the controlling board of major media corps these people influence world wide media
"epic.makingithappen.co.uk/new-masterfs1.html"
People have unlimited access to the media around us
1989 Tim Burner in switzerland made invented world wide web
1994 amazon first major website, became the model for internet sales
1998, stand ford programs launched google, fastest most effective search engine pirolabs - blogger 1999 friendster 2002
2002 google news, news portal, journalism doesn't like.
2004 google buys blogger
2004 'the year it all began' gmail microsoft newsbot, social news filter google buys picasa Amazon - A9 August - google goes public google aquires keyhole indexing libraries by goggle person radio begins with iPod
2005 wifipod
2005 Microsoft buys friendster
2006 google grid, all services, all secure or public by your choice
2007 microsoft newsbotster, blog/news hybrid
2008 google and Amazon merge, googlezone, uses demographics and personalization to make user experience, made to challenge microsoft
2010 newyork times goes online with subscriptions.
2011 EPIC from googlezone following NYT suing of googlezone, violating copyright law
2014 Sunday March 9th, EPIC from googlezone. Times will become from the elite printed only
2014 NY Times goes offline. Times will become from the elite printed only
2015 GPS technology will link us all based on the area we are observing through social media actions
We worry about media owning our whole life what happens when we put our opinion on Facebook? Facebook owns it now by the terms and conditions. They can use your pictures to advertise to your friends with your permission
What does it mean for us having version entering the market with CRTC controlling our mobile telephones?
if you pay someone to represent opinions its not the same as paying someone to voice their opinions
greenwashing telling someone its better for the environment, were more likely to buy it we must verify the meanings of the messages
distance ourselves to create critical space to interpret messages, we must be skeptical don't think of them as evil, most of our families are involved in these companies through stocks
Book distributors have monopoly stakes, 2 in canada, five in the states they set the prices
how do we evaluate the quality of media?
Cultural cringe, we dismiss our and consume others because it is more appealing to us regardless of how great ours might be
James Cameron highest grossing film producer as of last year, he's canadian
13,000 films since the beginning of NFB Canada, 5,000 have been award winning. We make material that reflects our culture and heritage (what it means to be canadian) but yet we still do not highlight it fair access policy develop culture and languages proportionate money into those cultures
public broadcasting supports canadian values viacom consumer ideals
Key Terms
'who owns the content of your brain' media industries concentration of ownership monopolistic ownership canadian 'big three' horizontal integration vertical integration
Francophone Media
Alternative Media
National Identity construction through media
Lecture Four: Audiences
Canada was one of the leading in press freedom Now into the 20s and still sinking when press freedom goes down you will be less informed about the issues around press gets intervened by politics
Audience, users, makers
Social Media and self made media we think of Facebook, twitter, they are a part of it but not all of it media has always been social, its about sharing messages between a group of people television use to be social nows its highly individualized, 1980-1990 we now have 5 or 6 devices that could give us access, phone, iPad, tv etc. newspapers were also once social you would buy one in the morning and share it with the family everything we use to do together, story telling and sharing of knowledge we now read individually. we no longer share the same opinions we all have publicized and different sources of knowledge
1952 the start of television in Montreal US already having multiple stations broadcasting into Toronto and Montreal
Recall: How are we canadian and how does that link to the media, lecture one
Does the message of the media give you empowerment or the want to act out?
The Canadian audience as a whole is there a canadian audience? Age, class, regional differentiation We have regionalism, class systems in media that show certain things at certain times depending on where you live Different things being broadcast at different times for different classes people (class differentiation) Age differentiation - differentiation by what age category, ie. toy ads for saturday morning cartoons, knowing when to play a certain show when you know that that age will be watching tv at that time were all parts of populations
CBC does research on you, AC reading, Nelson ratings, focus groups, quick surveys happens offline and online (through tracking) There are reports on us breaking the law on 'stealing' movies although not really stealing because of tort laws They examine the 5 w's and how, they are thinking of us as an audience
They don't think about when you'll laugh they train you to laugh controlled through laugh track it's a short term history, only since the 1950's we've changed human nature through television
Models of media interaction
Direct effects model hydermit model injection model from first class cause and effect model, ex. I lift this it goes up, it goes down it makes a sound its not very true, denies you basic subjectivity or your own position in the argument, even though you have the right to say its bullshit historical model
Two Step model, agenda setting instead of getting the message direct you get the message from someone you directly respect ex. doctor in toothpaste commercial governments use this effectively, through science and economics simulation can be as powerful as reality functional effective because they are trained their whole life
Uses and Gratification model chose a medium because you are gratifying some need satisfy one generate another this denies some level of subjectivity, attempt to modify desires
Cultivation Theory BBC model - take great Britain and make a canada this media is making part of you, recall: who owns the content of your brain how do the events we see through media reflect our views, do they make us afraid? trying to teach you lessons and values through tv shows Recall: Second lecture, Any time you create something to support you create something to rebel against, all become market niches These are all theories, something we've thought about and have a model of and have testing it scientifically but potential still not true
Medias consiouness industry Dallas Smyth - Media is producing the audience to sell the audience to the corporation to bring advertisers the audience production is the business if you aren't paying for something, you are whats being sold, ie. Twitter, Facebook, Linkdn Recall: The key people of communications studies in Canada learned from first readings
Reception theory What messages you're actually receiving objective to subjectives the obstinate audience, ignoring the message being given because you're hearing the message you want to hear used in politics, giving you want to hear even if its going to screw you in the future they frame it to make you believe how are they creating the message so you accept it rather then reject it audience can whose what to receive or not receive
Seduction theory, or selection theory how new media ie. Facebook, however going on since the 60s, interactive media, seduce you to give you its time no longer about the message but making you feel good about using your time on them most people don't want to say theres an economy of desire we assume we can make rational decisions
Encoding and decoding: there is a message produced in the world which is then circulated
Production effects:
The branding of something changes the view as long as you with hold the standards you hold the positive outcome
Production to circulation to use and consumption to enact and reproduce (4 steps) everyone perception will be different, and consumption, how your mind remakes the message we reproduce the meaning of the object in the world and share it among others
Hegemonic view point this is the knowledge you should absorb this knowledge although we may all come to it differently
oppositional postion against hegemonic positions, you disagree with the basic knowledge you're told to absorb and use to your advantage
In negotiations not all positions argue with the hegemonic position, subaltern position make boundary more real End of mass media 1960's were transitioning to less of the consumer of public and mass media and becoming consumers of individualized media
Because of lack of jobs in media there are many who are in unpaid internships, gov now attempting to change the law so that these can get paid
Video: Adam Savages Maker Fair 2012 Talk Why we make: Shifting to a model where we need to get our hands dirty: generational shift Its great to build our own things rather then things that pop culture feeds us it doesn't matter what you make and it doesn't matter why, what only matters is that you are making something you shape your own future in your hands and makes you into a more critical thinker STEM initiative by Obama, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, want to add A for Art make because it makes the world a better place
What was the message?
The one thing that matter about what you make is that you can communicate the passion of it to others we make things within our own media sphere we learn using concepts to think about the world and how we communicate and covey our messages
Dig in and find the intellectual hook that makes you challenged against the argument
Key Terms
Models of communication and media direct effects model (cause and effects model) agenda setting uses and gratification model cultivation theory BBC model consciousness industry (Dallas Smythe)
Production and Brand
Use/consumption
Reception Theory
Reproduction
Press Freedom
Media becoming Social Media
Knowledge Systems construction in canada
Audience as an imagined whole class operation market demographics reception theory obscenest audience seduction theory encoding/decoding dominant hegemonic code negotiated position oppositional position subaltern postitions
Lecture Five: Journalism
Who are these journalists?
Journalism carries from tv to newspapers however it isn't that huge in Canada
Canada's newspapers are fairly recent, 1760 India has 35, 000 newspapers Canada has 2-3,000 which come and go (with the exception of globe, torstar etc.)
Governments news, transplant view the governments brought royal news through the newspapers newspapers were social media, someone would tell you about the news or read you the news
Nation building, partisan period parties talking about local government issues being journalists for Canadians based on political events ex. churchman's friend, farmers friend The interests in relation to the community and their politics developed the newspapers of that area
1860 after, the contemporary era smaller papers gathered to form a bigger news papers forming several very large newspaper chains
Where does this content come from? What is news? What do journalists cover? news is the content of the paper content of journalism which is promoted may be useful to one but not another
News as a form of story telling often two sides but now people can generate two sides now told one big story of what happened which doesn't necessarily inform
7 elements of newsworthy, how do we theorize what journalists put into news papers (Meshir)
1. Timeliness - Must be immediate, recent the more recent the better
2. Impact - How does the event effect LOTS of people, the more people it effects the better
3. Prominence - Famous people are famous keep them famous, prominent is more newsworthy
4. Proximity - how close is it physically and emotionally, culturally too ie. the case of france and canada in ontario and quebec
5. Conflict - Two sides of every story, we try to portray two sides at least, polarize a side and people commit to an affiliation to one side
6. Peculiarity - Deviants from the expected, strange news, stranger and more intriguing the news the bigger the section
7. Currency - Things that are objects of attention stay for a long time and then when they fade away they go away, keeping a topic going
News value is also generated from local culture (mainly from 7 elements), want to find out if a topic is more globally known, look out of the area
People will read newspapers about their passions ie. reading the gadgets newspaper politics automobiles No community, no coverage
Deciding what is news is a subjective operation flow of news generation that starts with reporters or stringers who provide the news to news providers, public relations people who have contacts in news places who chose which stories get in changing with blogging and citizen journalism boundaries made to guide the news news agency burrows, when it get here it has been filtered enough that is now 'authenticated news' 'gate keeping'
If you have to click more then three or four clicks to find a story you won't find the story choosing staff who get to produce the news assignment editors, choosing those who can write the right story wire editors gate watchers, finding news that meets your needs and watching how the public is being exposed to certain issues
Tabloids, newspaper of record (new york times, national post), entertaining news (not truth and fact)
Because our access to news is so heavily filtered, our reality is provided by editors and journalists. Were looking through big classes at things that have already been interpreted for us. People present frames (what goes in, what goes out, who contracts it)
We build boundaries and walls, invisible ones
No news organization can cover every side and nor do they try to, they pick two. reified, made solid
Ideas of journalism Truth seeking Truth representing Information providing, inform the citizenship
The estates 1. The clergy, preists etc. 2. Nobility 3. Workers 4. The press 5. You, arguably
Prior to 1689 the bill of rights prohibited journalist were prohibited from talking about parliament the right to report was 1771 defacto, 1803 became legal ended at the 4th estate, a check on government At this point if you were to publish subjective news you would be considered to be representing the other side tendency to believe journalist can be objectives which came from the relationship of politics to the press
From 1880 to 1920, journalists aimed towards a objective approach, now were transitioning to a subjective approach like before
The rise of mass media The transition from small presses for local groups of political parties, they started having wars, had to be objective and show both sides unless you wanted to get killed, being independent of the things going on journalists are rarely objective because they are all paid by someone
In Canada do we try to inform a better society? One problem that we have is that much like the argument of who owns your brain, we all live in second hand worlds. The frames we trust are given to use and we are told to trust them, we consume someone else's generated opinions
How do we generate our own knowledge? If everything is second hand who is the first hand
Journalism in Canada 10,000 journalists in canada, does fluctuate Contemporary journalists - Tend to be young cause it doesn't pay well so younger people are easier to pay less middle class white males higher education then the average Canadian 30% works for news papers, 27% radio, 22% television, 18% newsweeklies, 20% cbc radio 3.4% made up of non whites in 2004
Our key freedoms: freedom of conscious and religion, The freedom of thought and expression (and including press), freedom of peaceful assembly, and freedom of association
Ombudsmen - A person in the newspaper that takes a complaint and responds to it and trying to discover how the problem came about not necessarily how to solve it
Regional press councils Every region has a group of people who get together to discuss the public complaints about the media, research and responds to it. However no regulatory power making it self governing
Statements of principals of the canadian daily news papers association, Canadian news paper association, news paper marketing bureau freedom of the press support independence as a fidelity to the public good accuracy and fairness community responsibility respect
The press can get you in trouble. Theres a crime when you say something un true about someone in the press Libel: distribution or publication of something that hurts another persons reputation in the press Privacy issues, protected in canada You can be held in contempt of court if you don't report a crime
Video:
Focus Ontario - Focus Ontario: State of Canadian Journalism youtube.com/watch?v=yFosfcTruTg The evolution of journalism We are now copy cats some of the down south practices are not wanted here there has been some collapse meaning no audience should be a concern
Need good reporting that says the facts rather then the opinion Everyone feels as if they have to add a spin or an opinion Audiences should know the difference
There is a discerning audience that controls the media
Tabloids have increased audience traffic over an issue that might be important which is frustrating for editors and journalists alike
Journalsm nees to be open, people do come to news organizations for news rather then just 'celebrity crap'
The US news is just being told. We have to be vigilant and make our own decisions, be discerning rather then stay with the path leading to right wing journalism
They should be a trend towards more commentary on news there can be pressure from head offices to get certain angle however not necessarily in canada
Every outlet has its own slant
HAPPY MIDTERM TIME – No week six lecture
Lecture Six: Digitalization and Globalization
Video: Powers of Ten www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fkBhvDjuy0
It's about digitization - About the largest possible data set imagined and the smallest as of the videos publishing date (1977) - We can represent this in terms of data - We have a place but theres nothing special about it in either the miniature or the galactic, were just here
On many levels data seems to small or massively beyond comprehension. We do not understand what a billion is but that it what data is - People think digitization is a small thing because it happened in our life time, but this changed everything and everything in our life
Your fingers are digits, they are digital. That is what a digit is. - To be compared with its partner its world - All great things have binaries - Binary of a digit is analogue
Analogue is a wave - Everything is wave, light particles, sound particles, all is waves, all is analogue - Belief is that this is better
Two kinds of waves Frequency modulation - FM, generally clearer Changing the distance between the top and the trop of the wave Amplitude modulation - AM, goes further distances Height of the wave from zenith to trop
Why is this important to our lives?
This is now simulated as digital information Yet it never catches all
In terms of technology, the higher the amount of data to cram on to a disc the more expensive…ie. BluRay
We are now adjusted to digital sounds so everything is passed through a digitizer because that is what our ears are adjusted to
It is still possible to do everything to analogue, however most things are either produced or converted to digitization
The distance of a radio wave depends on how far it will travel FM cannot be bounced of clouds or land masses, only AM can
This has created the distributions we now have CD, Tape etc.
Our networks are not powerful enough to transfer data, its too immense - computer interpret this data - thousands of terabytes must
The way radio defines geographic space - AM may have repeaters cause they can travel further, FM won't because there is too much
Digital approximation used in FM - Things get corrected twice and then on the fly - Digitization if you lose the signal nothing is left there
Two weeks ago treaty signed with EU over copy right laws and such
Digitalization makes things hyperbolic - It accelerates so fast that we don't comprehend what is happening - It is cheaper for hospitals in the US to digitally send your image to India to have it read then to pay somewhere here to read it
Video: A Computer Glossary (Eames Office) www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1gX6sPOqCY
When computing started women were the first computers and programmers
Men took over after the war
Programs
Algorithms
Mobile phones can now do more in the sam amount of time or less then how long these computer once worked - Super computer now! Universal machines, any informational task you want
Canada and Computing
RIM
Not a huge industry but have the natural resources to have one however we ship them off
Fairly small population holding us back, even though its not the smallest
English language speakers drive the market
Microsoft Word 'makes you think about writing in a very strange way' - Makes you think about the things you are writing
The way your mind processes information from when you write and when you type is very different - corpus golosum, the way your brain communicates with both sides of the brain - slowed down by using both hands and both eyes to do one task
All interfaces are mediators between us, it engages our brain differently - Google Glasses
Who's producing this for whom? And what is this doing for our nation?
Media of the encounter - When you think about the text. We use media to connect with people with distance
Media should be thought of as governess, a media that we govern people and people govern us externally (out of our country)
Media is primarily brands in a globalized marketplace - We buy its governess and it's identity, it's ideals
Tied to - Production chains from natural to recovered to the final product, economic environmental effects - There is a natural distraction to the environment in producing all technology. No one is an exception to this - Every product is hard to nationalize, global distribution of capital
It's not that we (Canada) don't have money - The average canadian makes $18000, which makes us rich compared to others - We buy into this globalized world
Canada is part of WTO, NAFTA, NATO, new EU treaty, UN, Charter of Rights - Meant to create stability among nations and treaties we are involved in - Once approved in, you must abide to all the laws involved and make sure your laws stay constant with that
Globalization isn't new - Told of the norsemen coming to canada and so on, but this isn't new. Read into ancient history, all is old news - Culture has changed and traveled the world for thousands of years
Recall last lecture: Who distributes your media, AP, Reuters etc. - Europe controls most news from doing releases - These have effects on globalization - If the US government did collapse, it would have changed to the Yen, this would change things dramatically
Transnationaism
Ties into Canada and it's becoming more global - Population based: Not french or English. 10% in 1981, now 32% - 3 in 10 could due part of a viable minority group by 2031, 14 million people approx. - South asian chinese will be largest - Chinese pop will be 2.4 mil - Arabs and west nations 500 thous, to 750 - Transforming the relations of canada. More relations to international then 20 years ago. Going hyperbolic - Within the next 50 years will over take the current majority - Canada will be an example of one of the global countries of the world. Brining them in to support the aging population - Will be more then native speakers
Canada can become a new media leader, but people must push for it and put in the world - The idea is that we exploit the poor to improve the rich
People thought that globalization would create equal access - Has caused wealth concentration and poverished areas
Technological deviation
Do you have to have some responsibility to globalization? - We can push back against governments against buying things like organs abroad, gmos etc
Exploit, that is how we control hegemonic messages of the world - If you can't be an economic dominate, you can be an ideologic dominant, similar to Europe way back
Media Imperialism What makes the systems of globalizations irrefutable? - It's going to continue - Geographic expansion and ever greater density of international trade - Global networking of markets, once built, won't be taken apart - On going revolution of translational linkages - ICT revolution - How we reach out to those not close to us but across borders - Universal demand for human rights and service to democracy - Can be used to expo it people, think about how we promote democracy through human rights - Stream of images of global culture - Newspapers and so on - Trying to promote you as a global citizen when theres no such thing - How to make you believe in a particular ideology - Example, giving money to Haiti starving people then those here at home starving. Help those at home to help you help those abroad - Emergence of post national, polycentric, world politics where transnational actors are prominent (treaties) - World poverty, globalization works better with a higher diversified wealth levels - Global environmental destruction - Transcultural politics within a country, relating to another country rather then your own even though you are economically within the countries jurisdiction
These are all part of the same system, same relations
Transnational Actors Examples
- Catholic church
- McDonalds
- Ford Motor Company
- Drug Cartels
- Black Market rings
Every species is globalizing - Think about it like germs, they travel around the world, traveling faster and faster because of globalization
Not just economics driving globalization but health
Lecture Seven:
From last week:
Marshall McLuhan - The World is a Global Village http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeDnPP6ntic See http://mcluhangalaxy.wordpress.com/2013/06/12/marshall-mcluhans-vision-of-the-global-village-1960/ for a summary of this video
The difference between the two sets of young adults, adolescents and teenagers.
Discuses the transformation of culture through transitioning media. The book is no longer "king". 1960's the birth of the american teenager Different changing paradigms - Analogue to digital - This video changes things, tribalism, we no longer gather around a table to listen to the radio - Trying to get you to think about being different then other people
Communications leads to management positions, in the 30-40$ thousand dollar range - 22/22/22, Age 22, 22$ thousand, 22 hours a week so don't get benefits
Government is looking unpaid internships - People will work 40 hours a week unpaid for a few years just to get the next level job - want to change this so people are not self exploiting
We are trained to fit a system - Post industrial age
We now need less physical layout then before, but more raw materials
How we imagine our labour and work - foundational idea of this class - recall: 22/22/22, avoid such things - concept of being freelancers and precarious labour - work at will - around 30-40 years old you become costly and are attempted to get rid of by younger labour - we are all replaceable - Economically inefficient for companies to keep employees for lifetime
Virtuous circle of production - people - machines
What do you do to make wealth creation? - Move people - Also happens in universities
You exist within a political economy - you can be moved around - you are a GOOD - you become a means of production but not a force
Three systems of imagining in the workplace 1. Survalencing culture of the workplace - Think about Facebook owning your data and giving it to a company at free will - Vancouver case where company hires PI to go to clubs and catch employees buying or wanting to buy marijuana. Perfectly legal for firing - They have a right to know if you drink or smoke, don't need to be an extreme but you just have to be in the right place for them - Helps control costs in their health plans as they can take them off health plans 2. Workplace of creativity and play - Challenging the paradigms - Believe you will perform better - Canadian intelligence agency just built a building on this paradigm - Imagination that we work better through relaxing, engaging with other 3. Culture of management in biopolitcs and governess - surveying yourself - manipulating through psychology to get you to behave the ways you prefer - insures that most of you are siting in your seat in a lecture rather then being up and dancing - norms in how we should act, when broken in large ways they make us feel uncomfortable - managing you through teaching you how to manage yourself so one doesn't have to be stood behind and told how to do
How people value work? - Depending on who you are, determines this - Generally we look at people who work 40 hours a week but most exploit themselves to 60 hours a week - Work in labour should be avoided at all costs, the reason for slaves and servants. Labour would be hidden in the basement - The house is like a class system
Work has changed from should be avoided to being valorized - Even your leisure is work, ie. computer game or even television, judging yourself against it - You now cannot get away from work like life, even fun!
Huge invasionary work
People say they love to work - What does this mean - huge cultural shift in society - it is about how we imagine ourselves
Should mandatory hours we have to work be lowered - France lowered there but is the most productive - U.S. is least productive because most people overwork
Precarity - politics of insecurely - made to challenge and reimagine you in a place of work - move you to consume different media
If you perform like the thing you want to be, someone will probably hire you to be one of those things
Political economy of insecurity related to everything being mobile, part of the contemporary age - The nature of work we have today and how we imagine it is coming to an end. A structural change happening - due to population pressures - baby boom, they will out vote you on more health care funding and less university funding (example - losing middle managers which is where we aim for 1. production is becoming less streamline 2. mechanization, robots 3. Technology can self manage you, Facebook etc. Unions resisting this idea - Top managers are often there to stay, unless you know someone there is no way to get there
Labour market flexibility - being able to move you is most important - more often then not you have no value to the company
Increasing unemployment - Start networking now, relationships need to occur now - Start acting like that job and you will get it - Nepotism: taken in by aunt/uncle and train you to do the job
Were the age of networked work - build a portfolio you can be proud of - build a reputation - there may no longer be a middle manager who will give you a recommendation for your next job - find your own way to differentiate yourself in this market place
Multitasking - shown that people who use their phone in class have 5% lower grade then those that don't - encompasses all previous elements
The media we use - were the generation that will have to interpret the stuff we read online to make it fit your situation - our generation has a problem with putting down media, i.e.. phones, people are talking with each other on their phones at a dinner party rather then conversing, however much this is rude - France, netherlands, at 5pm on a friday when they are done for the week, they will not touch email. In north america we should respond on a weekend because we constantly demand attention
Network mode of production - Involves everything we've talked about - 24 hour always on - ie. last week India example of sending files - trying to make you feel not alienated but dealienated from your work - make you feel that your work is something you should be passionate about, your authentic production - Everything that we can't convince you of being so important, we have mass production for
Mass customization - you can have clothes that are unique to what you want, not that much more expensize, its a machine system - same as furniture - dehieracized system, take talented people in the world and make them believe that what they do is of great value
The current system of media function runs on popularity success. - Think vampires - most writers are freelancers in precarious situations
We have a tendency to give away a lot of our work - ie. in nonprofits giving you a job a consultant would normally be paid for - we need to install a way to change this
The idea is we have three kinds of labour in the world
1. Paid labour
2. Civil labour: ie. voting and becoming informed about that
3. Household labour: ie. taking out the trash, negotiating family life, cooking
These should all be recompensed and be fair to all of those putting efforts into this
Lecture Eight: Video Lecture – No Notes
Lecture Nine:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=GIus7lm_ZK0
Deluze's postscript on the society of control - control society - current loss of father is capitalism neo-liberalism - Gilles Deluzes - disciplinary societies to - social organization today has ceased - everything is in crisis - government are in vain with disciplinary societies - continuous control - codes mark access to information - disipliary societies shape individuals - corporations control us vs. the industry - perpetual training reigns - control bay system - university is handed to the corporation - no form of society is more powerful then the other, both have liberating enslaving forces - capitalism from past to present - capitalism of concentration - capitalism is no longer in production - factory has given way for the corporation - coruption gains poer - marketing is the power of all - man is no longer man enclosed but man in debt - a symptom of displiary society? or control society? - economy of contribution - consumer economy - is this all too linear? - doesn't control displine? - conventional economy of debt and exchange - each type of society corresponds to a particular machine - Steiglar - nature of social society has changed - Maurizio L - Greg Seigworth - Struturlist - will to power and knowledge and those who attempt to build on their foundations - it all meets a need - liquid book - gaseous enterprise - ewe are required to make ethical and polical decisions - will the web fit Deleuzes philosophy? - Can digital culture be controlled? - control and experimental grid - 'Postscript on the Societies of Control'
How does power flow
How do things change in relation to other things
Everything related to everything else even if you think it doesn't - Labour to ecology, Privacy to copyrights
A structure isn't a fixed mechanical, but a relation of systems - some consider is algebraic, mathematic - whole world can be seen this way
US 1964 conference at John Hopkins university - Deerida came to speak, had questions - a definitive break from structuralism (algebraic) - define post structuralism - recentres and decentres subjuctivity
Somethings we consider objective - we perceive that the only thing that creates reality is some higher being
If theres objects theres us, subjective -- objective - these challenge people when thinking about knowledge - seen in universities and institutions alike
"The Arts of Memory" - people use to have more powerful memories - each of the spaces we occupy in the world, we make our own and tell sties which become a part of us
The things we do are try much in the form of a factory, you exist within - post structurislm, places we didn't think existed before
Is theprision like a university - what are the walls were putting in and taking out - changes to your subjectivity, changing you - disciplining you
The rules are provided to make you successful openness principal - enjoy knowledge in your own way - but learn the things necessary in discipline - part of a tradition
Build a culture of contribution, the new society
Privacy Laws in Canada
Legal frameworkds to either open possibilities or constrain you
What does privacy mean in canda? 1. Treasure board of Canada - Classical or Historical sense means the right to be left alone. In the 21st century however is has taken on many definitions: right to enjoy private space, private communications, free from surveillance, and right to ones body space 2. Privacy commissioner of canda - right to control access to ones person, and information about ones self, can control what information to give up to which sources and how much 3. Court case supreme court - the degree of privacy that the law protects is a breach of the privacy would have on the freedom and dignity of the individual
Lesser expectation of privacy when you're in a vehicle
A police could give you a full body search and be in less trouble then a doctor for doing the same
Leaders in privacy protection - Canda doesn't have as much protection because the rules around surveillance changes - two basic laws: privacy act 1983 - deals with government, what data the government can have and what they can do with it. Not universal. British columbia and quebec have different, but have to be at least as protective as federal. PEDA - consumer protection and data that goes to corporations. If you contract cross borders you are no longer under the jurisdiction of Canada. PEDA can record you, they govern those recordings - US can record what you're buying to raise your health insurance rates. All done by selling data for money - This cannot happen in Canda because of privacy commissioner
How commercialism works, pay attention to a grocery store looks, this indicates the wealth on the community and the demographic
Model code for the protection of personal information in relation to PEDA - byy PEDA - who made this, not the government. Business oriented creation - Business wants to do right by these principals 1. Accountabilty - someone has to be responsible 2. Identify the purpose 3. Consent - Never have to put your own number down (Jenny's Number) 4. Limit the collection 5. Limit use and discloser 6. Accuracy 7. Safe guard 8. 9. Openness 10. Challenge of compliance
You should always be able to see what your data is, openness is a problem, big companies do it well, small do it less
Lifehacker can lead you through how you can actually delete your Facebook account and other things
Were suppose to be a good person when it comes to other peoples data, treat it like you would treat them
Privacy goes across all levels of a business
Technical secutiry - many have duplicate office 50 - 100 miles away to pick up all necessary operations to move everyone to in the case of a terrorist attack - how much data must be kept to obtain this, it is not hard
Security issues are modulated from a practical person
We have certain classes of people we have to protect - one of them is children: different expectations of privacy then adults. Permisson from parents necessary. - any system of control that controls someones subjectivity to chose ie. prisioners - miltary personnel, chain of command - some student groups more protected then other - main three are children, military personnel, and prisioners
Privacy is changing however, everyones expectation if this is different, they change through life
Now need a second warrant to search your computer if your house is invaded. People view their computers as private objects
Surviellence grid, the connection between US and Canada and the sharing of information
Video games - everyone seems to play some now - social games played by 25-40 year old women - online playing a video game, many of these put things on your computer you do not know are there. Childrens games do this more then noticed - computers become slower because of this because you're running god knows how many aps on it - video game market is three times bigger then firm market, 75 billion dollar (probably more) market - people spend so much money on video games, this town alone 1 billion. Montreal one of the biggest in Canda along with Vancouver - We have to survey you and invade your privacy: but you agreed to these - what you spend time on is what you can exploit
Set of rules about what you can surveil on people, not knowing them can get you in trouble
Knowing you're being survey tends to change your behaviour - you modulate your behaviour when you think someone is watching you, you surveil your self
Privacy invasion is a part of our everyday life - sometimes you buy into it, sometimes you don't - is it all related, is it worth you giving up your rights
This means were complacent in the whole thing
Lecture Ten: Media and the environment
Video: Ghana - Digital Dumping Groung www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/ghana804/video/video_index.html This video has the commentary written below. I have included some brief notes just below here.
- Scavenge it for a living
- filled with toxic substances
- mostly children
- look for metals, and burn away the plastics
- where american electronics come to die
- only about 50% of the computer the collectors get actually work
- many still contain personal data of previous owner - criminals use this to set up scams - bank account information, private personal details all can be found on these computers - even the pentagon puts their drives to this place and can have the info breached
- the only way to ensure data doesn't reach other is to break the hard drive
- in china e-waste is business
- swaps are filled with commuter waste
- to recycle waste environmentally costs too much money, it hurts the environment to not, but developing countries can't afford to make sacrifices on it
*shadow work
*formal economy
*informal economy - stuff produced from hobbies
*shadow economies - not just hurting themselves, hurting their kids, grandkids, people we will have to deal with because population isn't going away - ewaste is becoming greater - we participate in this system of operations
*ecology
- in communication and human communication - ecological communication, growing field - interested in shadow work: even if they don't want to do it why do they do it, who is telling them they will benefit, do they have an imagination of the future
We use our communication system to legitimate our world, enable justice, without communication system this doesn't work
The environment - recall: everything is connected - environment is a high topic in mass communication - how do you talk about things in the environment in public and help people understand these environment issues? (this includes food trends) - when you send a gigabit of information, how many blocks of coal does this equal? - this all adds up, it all has effect - every time you download something from the internet and the connections to this computer, someone has to get the energy to complete this
How are these all connected - this is ecology - we think that owning computers will cause global warming because of the chain of producing the means to make these work causes so much heat - chain of chaos
Movement to digital office - like this class, it can all be done digitally - without paper we save trees, think about the impact of higher education on deforestation
Metal, human health, and environment - same question as why is the penny going away? What is the value of the penny, its cheaper not to make it because copper costs so much - europe people stealing the roofs because they're made of copper - when will it become the case that steel is worth more then now, same with all natural resources, its easier to take the risk on their health and legal to steal it - it has become worth more then the value of life - our grand kids will be mining our dumps to recover anything of value that is cheaper to mine from them then the ground. Its happening else where in the world, it will be Canada's time
Politics - political ecology - gregory bateson - mental, social, environmental: they're all the same thing but we all see it a different way
Ewaste - all electronic equipment that has a plug, battery or - most students say that they hope to give it to someone else to hopefuly dispose of it the right way (27%) - 26% will get to it eventually and intend to do it right - 46% lack motivation to do anything about it - western culture built on hoarding - we can digitize everything
Ontario produces a 100 tons per year of ewaste - there are a lot of poisons in these products, so they must be disposed of properly - these poisons leech into our waters, slowly increasing to the point where eventually we will not be able to drink the water - people are going through 50s and 60s dumps and pulling out electronics - reduce, reuse, recycle invented in ontario and came about in the late 90s - copper creates acid which eats up stuff
Three basic acts that effect this issue
1. Canadian Environmental Act
2. Canadian environmental assessment act
3. transportation of dangerous goods act - we ask of you to dispose of things properly so as not to kill things - if you go into a business that has electronics (most of us) there will be ewaste, you will have to deal with these laws
From readings, treaty - standard for destroying things is by hand or security wipe
If exposed to lead as a young person there will be effects on three generation right after you, effects phenotype - someone will be exposed - in local proximity there at 27 brown fields, poison fields. - in toronto there are several hundred within areas where we think we can live…kids will be playing in this dirt, this has generational effects
Its not just this waste - as human beings we eat - this production is huge - our waste facilities are over flowing and we are running out of space because we produce so much trash - we are also throwing out 172 kilograms per person in canada per year - its not being recycled appropriately - restaurants provide most of this waste, students live of restaurants - food is a multiplier of waste: if mixed with poisons waste it becomes resistant because of bacteria and we create a huge new problem - superbugs - 1.3 billon tons of food waste per year
We donate money abroad but there are people beside us are not getting fed properly because they don't have the money to feed themselves
There are huge problems locally, take care of them first
Canada has huge problems with the environments, some one has to pay for this it is political ecology
What technology changed the world the most? - the refrigerator and air conditioners , not just because of chemicals - australia you should put on long sleeves because there is no more ozone to protect us - refrigeration: they allow us to eat whatever we want whenever we want - you can't get the food you want without it - huge world movement to eat things only in season - all embedded in ecology - think about the process for it all to get here
Its all connect - heinz collapse in southern ontario because of loss of contract with mcdonalds - farmings and industrial part of region now has to be reconstructed, a part of the economy is loss - who knew canada was a major producer of ketchup? - all related to communication: there are people out there who's only job is to get you to buy this food. - all items are equal but the brand is the only differentiator of quality
We learn that where you shop is defining of your class, even though some of the same brands are the same - where we shop has impact - you can go watch a shopping centres cars and see who goes in, communication has created identities that make people comfortable in particular environments
deadzones - shopping deadzones - like detroit, there is no money there - food is part of communications - an analysis of people to define what to put and where to put it
Food is where wars are started - where people starve, people will go to war - ethopian, sudan - oil issues
Largest world conflict is increasing population which puts impact on food - green revolution in the 70s - stopped billions from starving - we are not foreseeing the next - population puts pressure on this conflict - all related to food
37 millon starving in Canada alone - all in relation to food production system
1.6 billon in the world who cannot participate in consumer economy
Biological revolution - ie. meat being produced in a tube
How do you make people believe that it's okay for them to go hungry when you do not?
How do you get people to believe that they are justified in feeling hungry? - this is a political ecology that we have grown up with - there is no justice here
We need to manage our communication systems to bring this together and control issues - elderly in 15 - 20 years are going to remarkably poor because there are no savings, they all have the power to vote but they are also all going hungry - all a part of this huge ecological system
Lecture Two: Canadian Media Instructors
What is an institution ex. A university government, institutions within CRTC is an institution organize our lives by institutions all have goals whether stated or unstated, they mediate our lives
What is a public broadcaster? CBC, TWO, Tele Quebec, Vision TV, Aboriginal Peoples Television Network Funded by the government through tax dollars funded but it serves your interests How are these interests formed? No matter how big or how small, they all meet our needs
The BBC is our former imperial 'master', it formed the outline of our system, their model. 1930s started and set our guideline, to educate and entertain formed as a part of democracy
CBC - To build the idea of Canada, created to imagine us (Canadian) as a whole through media creates cultural sovereignty canadian ideals and local ideas, all must feed into one Quebec still remains apart of the Canadian state why are we interested in this? government wants to create a national pride, keeping us united cultural policy, the forced integration of canadian culture into our lives. countries with low population have a hard time to maintain a cultural identity
BBC 1960's saw pop culture emerge
Canada was a late comer to Television came around in 1920s broadcasting began in 1940s 1950s when canada came to life in television, one in quebec, one in ontario less then 60 years of televisal policies, and of building a nation
what values do Canadians hold on television multicultural timmies commercial, canadian nationalism what is the ideal canadian man, a lumber jack, outdoors man - it's a fiction. Who is the idea canadian woman? Do canadians fly the flag as much as americans? we don't think we do, but evidence says we do what is canadas most multicultural city? Toronto
Should we be funding CBC, state policies? 34$ per person, per year: about the lowest UK 111$ US 70$??
What does it mean when we liberalize something? When we make something free political parties named based on where they stand on the spectrum
neoliberalism view that any way we can market we can do anything
What is the bias of news media? non researched thought: that its left leaning researched: centre right leaning CBC says their centred
Taught fallacies through media we accept them though cultural context is it okay that teachers are paid less then basketball teachers *Lincoln commission (by heritage committee) - inform direction of canadian policy
We produce our culture CULTURAL INDUSTRIES surprisingly, we have our own, we concern ourselves with cultural longevity even though US is 10 times our size, we must not be over powered by them we do have challenges showing ourselves as our own, we aren't big enough, they must all go to america to expand their production paternalism: this is what you should watch, this is what you should enjoy canadian broadcasting does not want you to lose what we have here
We accept a broader range of arguments then any of our surrounding and influencing countries we must think of tensions in cultural policy due to this by rebelling we contruct it even further
Lincoln Commission separate policy by sector tv, and film fund redirect priority programming (primetime) must have certain amount of canadian content want to convert to monetary influence broadcasting act must be changed local initiative must increase
CRTC is controlling cell phone plan prices
Civil society organizations: those who complain for when someone says something off putting on tv when places like the CRTC only get complaints we get a narrow view and the views showing that things were great before, become unknown
We all have a sense of cultural elitism until you are asked to vote against one try to make a culture that makes you believe that all canadian media is great we under value our own products then attempt to put them up against others
broadcasting act requires that: broadcasters be owned by canada broadcast in canadian national languages: english, french, inuit (circa 2012) MAPL system censors music, artists, performance and lyrics *see wikipedia
Key Terms publish broadcaster
Canadian values pluralism/multiculturalism canadian democracy
BBC Model: Inform - democracy Educate - to serve the country Entertain - to catch attention
CBC/BBC Relationship cultural Homogeneity cultural sovereignty
Cultural policy on Canadian Content MAPL CRTC neo liberalism and liberalism plutocracy cultural domination Americanization cultural elitism high culture vs. low culture political spectrum bias of news media lincoln commission broadcasting act
Lecture Three: Media Industries and Media Convergence
Industries and convergence
Print, movies, music, television
Who owns the content of your mind? we are learning freely learnable material who owns the other material? we don't own it, someone else owns a part of our mind messages that support canadian values, other messages through mass communication mass communication means how we use the media to mould and direct the public, US every where, we receive messages which are public, they are owned by someone however there is private media, tv in our rooms is private media television use to be a public media no one really owned a tv to themselves it is all very recent to have your own media, from 1980s boom boxes to now having media at the touch of your hand
In 1983, there were 50 major corps who produced most media in the world. We're now at 5/6
Francophone media canada, 3 crops make up 83% of canadian french media, including Quebecor Middle biases media, left of centre, but never leftist
These ideals created by us in the media through so many outlets direct our thoughts created by corporations Alternative Media - College newspapers, art newspapers
Administrative systems put out an outline of how we're suppose to live our lives but how are we suppose to be free within our realties and create our own experience?
Do we need democratic media to have a democracy do we need more voices in Canada to have a democracy? is it more likely that we'll have political parties that attach to major media outlets?
Major Media Producers: Walt Disney, Bertelsmann, Time Warner, Newscor, Viacom
Canadian Major Media Producers: CTVglobemedia, Canwest, Quebecor (Rogers and Shaw after) Hold newspapers, cable tv, radio, the media sphere
If these companies diversify they become horizontally integrated companies** vertical integration: own the whole supply chain
"theyrule.net" - See who is on the controlling board of major media corps these people influence world wide media
"epic.makingithappen.co.uk/new-masterfs1.html"
People have unlimited access to the media around us
1989 Tim Burner in switzerland made invented world wide web
1994 amazon first major website, became the model for internet sales
1998, stand ford programs launched google, fastest most effective search engine pirolabs - blogger 1999 friendster 2002
2002 google news, news portal, journalism doesn't like.
2004 google buys blogger
2004 'the year it all began' gmail microsoft newsbot, social news filter google buys picasa Amazon - A9 August - google goes public google aquires keyhole indexing libraries by goggle person radio begins with iPod
2005 wifipod
2005 Microsoft buys friendster
2006 google grid, all services, all secure or public by your choice
2007 microsoft newsbotster, blog/news hybrid
2008 google and Amazon merge, googlezone, uses demographics and personalization to make user experience, made to challenge microsoft
2010 newyork times goes online with subscriptions.
2011 EPIC from googlezone following NYT suing of googlezone, violating copyright law
2014 Sunday March 9th, EPIC from googlezone. Times will become from the elite printed only
2014 NY Times goes offline. Times will become from the elite printed only
2015 GPS technology will link us all based on the area we are observing through social media actions
We worry about media owning our whole life what happens when we put our opinion on Facebook? Facebook owns it now by the terms and conditions. They can use your pictures to advertise to your friends with your permission
What does it mean for us having version entering the market with CRTC controlling our mobile telephones?
if you pay someone to represent opinions its not the same as paying someone to voice their opinions
greenwashing telling someone its better for the environment, were more likely to buy it we must verify the meanings of the messages
distance ourselves to create critical space to interpret messages, we must be skeptical don't think of them as evil, most of our families are involved in these companies through stocks
Book distributors have monopoly stakes, 2 in canada, five in the states they set the prices
how do we evaluate the quality of media?
Cultural cringe, we dismiss our and consume others because it is more appealing to us regardless of how great ours might be
James Cameron highest grossing film producer as of last year, he's canadian
13,000 films since the beginning of NFB Canada, 5,000 have been award winning. We make material that reflects our culture and heritage (what it means to be canadian) but yet we still do not highlight it fair access policy develop culture and languages proportionate money into those cultures
public broadcasting supports canadian values viacom consumer ideals
Key Terms
'who owns the content of your brain' media industries concentration of ownership monopolistic ownership canadian 'big three' horizontal integration vertical integration
Francophone Media
Alternative Media
National Identity construction through media
Lecture Four: Audiences
Canada was one of the leading in press freedom Now into the 20s and still sinking when press freedom goes down you will be less informed about the issues around press gets intervened by politics
Audience, users, makers
Social Media and self made media we think of Facebook, twitter, they are a part of it but not all of it media has always been social, its about sharing messages between a group of people television use to be social nows its highly individualized, 1980-1990 we now have 5 or 6 devices that could give us access, phone, iPad, tv etc. newspapers were also once social you would buy one in the morning and share it with the family everything we use to do together, story telling and sharing of knowledge we now read individually. we no longer share the same opinions we all have publicized and different sources of knowledge
1952 the start of television in Montreal US already having multiple stations broadcasting into Toronto and Montreal
Recall: How are we canadian and how does that link to the media, lecture one
Does the message of the media give you empowerment or the want to act out?
The Canadian audience as a whole is there a canadian audience? Age, class, regional differentiation We have regionalism, class systems in media that show certain things at certain times depending on where you live Different things being broadcast at different times for different classes people (class differentiation) Age differentiation - differentiation by what age category, ie. toy ads for saturday morning cartoons, knowing when to play a certain show when you know that that age will be watching tv at that time were all parts of populations
CBC does research on you, AC reading, Nelson ratings, focus groups, quick surveys happens offline and online (through tracking) There are reports on us breaking the law on 'stealing' movies although not really stealing because of tort laws They examine the 5 w's and how, they are thinking of us as an audience
They don't think about when you'll laugh they train you to laugh controlled through laugh track it's a short term history, only since the 1950's we've changed human nature through television
Models of media interaction
Direct effects model hydermit model injection model from first class cause and effect model, ex. I lift this it goes up, it goes down it makes a sound its not very true, denies you basic subjectivity or your own position in the argument, even though you have the right to say its bullshit historical model
Two Step model, agenda setting instead of getting the message direct you get the message from someone you directly respect ex. doctor in toothpaste commercial governments use this effectively, through science and economics simulation can be as powerful as reality functional effective because they are trained their whole life
Uses and Gratification model chose a medium because you are gratifying some need satisfy one generate another this denies some level of subjectivity, attempt to modify desires
Cultivation Theory BBC model - take great Britain and make a canada this media is making part of you, recall: who owns the content of your brain how do the events we see through media reflect our views, do they make us afraid? trying to teach you lessons and values through tv shows Recall: Second lecture, Any time you create something to support you create something to rebel against, all become market niches These are all theories, something we've thought about and have a model of and have testing it scientifically but potential still not true
Medias consiouness industry Dallas Smyth - Media is producing the audience to sell the audience to the corporation to bring advertisers the audience production is the business if you aren't paying for something, you are whats being sold, ie. Twitter, Facebook, Linkdn Recall: The key people of communications studies in Canada learned from first readings
Reception theory What messages you're actually receiving objective to subjectives the obstinate audience, ignoring the message being given because you're hearing the message you want to hear used in politics, giving you want to hear even if its going to screw you in the future they frame it to make you believe how are they creating the message so you accept it rather then reject it audience can whose what to receive or not receive
Seduction theory, or selection theory how new media ie. Facebook, however going on since the 60s, interactive media, seduce you to give you its time no longer about the message but making you feel good about using your time on them most people don't want to say theres an economy of desire we assume we can make rational decisions
Encoding and decoding: there is a message produced in the world which is then circulated
Production effects:
The branding of something changes the view as long as you with hold the standards you hold the positive outcome
Production to circulation to use and consumption to enact and reproduce (4 steps) everyone perception will be different, and consumption, how your mind remakes the message we reproduce the meaning of the object in the world and share it among others
Hegemonic view point this is the knowledge you should absorb this knowledge although we may all come to it differently
oppositional postion against hegemonic positions, you disagree with the basic knowledge you're told to absorb and use to your advantage
In negotiations not all positions argue with the hegemonic position, subaltern position make boundary more real End of mass media 1960's were transitioning to less of the consumer of public and mass media and becoming consumers of individualized media
Because of lack of jobs in media there are many who are in unpaid internships, gov now attempting to change the law so that these can get paid
Video: Adam Savages Maker Fair 2012 Talk Why we make: Shifting to a model where we need to get our hands dirty: generational shift Its great to build our own things rather then things that pop culture feeds us it doesn't matter what you make and it doesn't matter why, what only matters is that you are making something you shape your own future in your hands and makes you into a more critical thinker STEM initiative by Obama, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, want to add A for Art make because it makes the world a better place
What was the message?
The one thing that matter about what you make is that you can communicate the passion of it to others we make things within our own media sphere we learn using concepts to think about the world and how we communicate and covey our messages
Dig in and find the intellectual hook that makes you challenged against the argument
Key Terms
Models of communication and media direct effects model (cause and effects model) agenda setting uses and gratification model cultivation theory BBC model consciousness industry (Dallas Smythe)
Production and Brand
Use/consumption
Reception Theory
Reproduction
Press Freedom
Media becoming Social Media
Knowledge Systems construction in canada
Audience as an imagined whole class operation market demographics reception theory obscenest audience seduction theory encoding/decoding dominant hegemonic code negotiated position oppositional position subaltern postitions
Lecture Five: Journalism
Who are these journalists?
Journalism carries from tv to newspapers however it isn't that huge in Canada
Canada's newspapers are fairly recent, 1760 India has 35, 000 newspapers Canada has 2-3,000 which come and go (with the exception of globe, torstar etc.)
Governments news, transplant view the governments brought royal news through the newspapers newspapers were social media, someone would tell you about the news or read you the news
Nation building, partisan period parties talking about local government issues being journalists for Canadians based on political events ex. churchman's friend, farmers friend The interests in relation to the community and their politics developed the newspapers of that area
1860 after, the contemporary era smaller papers gathered to form a bigger news papers forming several very large newspaper chains
Where does this content come from? What is news? What do journalists cover? news is the content of the paper content of journalism which is promoted may be useful to one but not another
News as a form of story telling often two sides but now people can generate two sides now told one big story of what happened which doesn't necessarily inform
7 elements of newsworthy, how do we theorize what journalists put into news papers (Meshir)
1. Timeliness - Must be immediate, recent the more recent the better
2. Impact - How does the event effect LOTS of people, the more people it effects the better
3. Prominence - Famous people are famous keep them famous, prominent is more newsworthy
4. Proximity - how close is it physically and emotionally, culturally too ie. the case of france and canada in ontario and quebec
5. Conflict - Two sides of every story, we try to portray two sides at least, polarize a side and people commit to an affiliation to one side
6. Peculiarity - Deviants from the expected, strange news, stranger and more intriguing the news the bigger the section
7. Currency - Things that are objects of attention stay for a long time and then when they fade away they go away, keeping a topic going
News value is also generated from local culture (mainly from 7 elements), want to find out if a topic is more globally known, look out of the area
People will read newspapers about their passions ie. reading the gadgets newspaper politics automobiles No community, no coverage
Deciding what is news is a subjective operation flow of news generation that starts with reporters or stringers who provide the news to news providers, public relations people who have contacts in news places who chose which stories get in changing with blogging and citizen journalism boundaries made to guide the news news agency burrows, when it get here it has been filtered enough that is now 'authenticated news' 'gate keeping'
If you have to click more then three or four clicks to find a story you won't find the story choosing staff who get to produce the news assignment editors, choosing those who can write the right story wire editors gate watchers, finding news that meets your needs and watching how the public is being exposed to certain issues
Tabloids, newspaper of record (new york times, national post), entertaining news (not truth and fact)
Because our access to news is so heavily filtered, our reality is provided by editors and journalists. Were looking through big classes at things that have already been interpreted for us. People present frames (what goes in, what goes out, who contracts it)
We build boundaries and walls, invisible ones
No news organization can cover every side and nor do they try to, they pick two. reified, made solid
Ideas of journalism Truth seeking Truth representing Information providing, inform the citizenship
The estates 1. The clergy, preists etc. 2. Nobility 3. Workers 4. The press 5. You, arguably
Prior to 1689 the bill of rights prohibited journalist were prohibited from talking about parliament the right to report was 1771 defacto, 1803 became legal ended at the 4th estate, a check on government At this point if you were to publish subjective news you would be considered to be representing the other side tendency to believe journalist can be objectives which came from the relationship of politics to the press
From 1880 to 1920, journalists aimed towards a objective approach, now were transitioning to a subjective approach like before
The rise of mass media The transition from small presses for local groups of political parties, they started having wars, had to be objective and show both sides unless you wanted to get killed, being independent of the things going on journalists are rarely objective because they are all paid by someone
In Canada do we try to inform a better society? One problem that we have is that much like the argument of who owns your brain, we all live in second hand worlds. The frames we trust are given to use and we are told to trust them, we consume someone else's generated opinions
How do we generate our own knowledge? If everything is second hand who is the first hand
Journalism in Canada 10,000 journalists in canada, does fluctuate Contemporary journalists - Tend to be young cause it doesn't pay well so younger people are easier to pay less middle class white males higher education then the average Canadian 30% works for news papers, 27% radio, 22% television, 18% newsweeklies, 20% cbc radio 3.4% made up of non whites in 2004
Our key freedoms: freedom of conscious and religion, The freedom of thought and expression (and including press), freedom of peaceful assembly, and freedom of association
Ombudsmen - A person in the newspaper that takes a complaint and responds to it and trying to discover how the problem came about not necessarily how to solve it
Regional press councils Every region has a group of people who get together to discuss the public complaints about the media, research and responds to it. However no regulatory power making it self governing
Statements of principals of the canadian daily news papers association, Canadian news paper association, news paper marketing bureau freedom of the press support independence as a fidelity to the public good accuracy and fairness community responsibility respect
The press can get you in trouble. Theres a crime when you say something un true about someone in the press Libel: distribution or publication of something that hurts another persons reputation in the press Privacy issues, protected in canada You can be held in contempt of court if you don't report a crime
Video:
Focus Ontario - Focus Ontario: State of Canadian Journalism youtube.com/watch?v=yFosfcTruTg The evolution of journalism We are now copy cats some of the down south practices are not wanted here there has been some collapse meaning no audience should be a concern
Need good reporting that says the facts rather then the opinion Everyone feels as if they have to add a spin or an opinion Audiences should know the difference
There is a discerning audience that controls the media
Tabloids have increased audience traffic over an issue that might be important which is frustrating for editors and journalists alike
Journalsm nees to be open, people do come to news organizations for news rather then just 'celebrity crap'
The US news is just being told. We have to be vigilant and make our own decisions, be discerning rather then stay with the path leading to right wing journalism
They should be a trend towards more commentary on news there can be pressure from head offices to get certain angle however not necessarily in canada
Every outlet has its own slant
HAPPY MIDTERM TIME – No week six lecture
Lecture Six: Digitalization and Globalization
Video: Powers of Ten www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fkBhvDjuy0
It's about digitization - About the largest possible data set imagined and the smallest as of the videos publishing date (1977) - We can represent this in terms of data - We have a place but theres nothing special about it in either the miniature or the galactic, were just here
On many levels data seems to small or massively beyond comprehension. We do not understand what a billion is but that it what data is - People think digitization is a small thing because it happened in our life time, but this changed everything and everything in our life
Your fingers are digits, they are digital. That is what a digit is. - To be compared with its partner its world - All great things have binaries - Binary of a digit is analogue
Analogue is a wave - Everything is wave, light particles, sound particles, all is waves, all is analogue - Belief is that this is better
Two kinds of waves Frequency modulation - FM, generally clearer Changing the distance between the top and the trop of the wave Amplitude modulation - AM, goes further distances Height of the wave from zenith to trop
Why is this important to our lives?
This is now simulated as digital information Yet it never catches all
In terms of technology, the higher the amount of data to cram on to a disc the more expensive…ie. BluRay
We are now adjusted to digital sounds so everything is passed through a digitizer because that is what our ears are adjusted to
It is still possible to do everything to analogue, however most things are either produced or converted to digitization
The distance of a radio wave depends on how far it will travel FM cannot be bounced of clouds or land masses, only AM can
This has created the distributions we now have CD, Tape etc.
Our networks are not powerful enough to transfer data, its too immense - computer interpret this data - thousands of terabytes must
The way radio defines geographic space - AM may have repeaters cause they can travel further, FM won't because there is too much
Digital approximation used in FM - Things get corrected twice and then on the fly - Digitization if you lose the signal nothing is left there
Two weeks ago treaty signed with EU over copy right laws and such
Digitalization makes things hyperbolic - It accelerates so fast that we don't comprehend what is happening - It is cheaper for hospitals in the US to digitally send your image to India to have it read then to pay somewhere here to read it
Video: A Computer Glossary (Eames Office) www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1gX6sPOqCY
When computing started women were the first computers and programmers
Men took over after the war
Programs
Algorithms
Mobile phones can now do more in the sam amount of time or less then how long these computer once worked - Super computer now! Universal machines, any informational task you want
Canada and Computing
RIM
Not a huge industry but have the natural resources to have one however we ship them off
Fairly small population holding us back, even though its not the smallest
English language speakers drive the market
Microsoft Word 'makes you think about writing in a very strange way' - Makes you think about the things you are writing
The way your mind processes information from when you write and when you type is very different - corpus golosum, the way your brain communicates with both sides of the brain - slowed down by using both hands and both eyes to do one task
All interfaces are mediators between us, it engages our brain differently - Google Glasses
Who's producing this for whom? And what is this doing for our nation?
Media of the encounter - When you think about the text. We use media to connect with people with distance
Media should be thought of as governess, a media that we govern people and people govern us externally (out of our country)
Media is primarily brands in a globalized marketplace - We buy its governess and it's identity, it's ideals
Tied to - Production chains from natural to recovered to the final product, economic environmental effects - There is a natural distraction to the environment in producing all technology. No one is an exception to this - Every product is hard to nationalize, global distribution of capital
It's not that we (Canada) don't have money - The average canadian makes $18000, which makes us rich compared to others - We buy into this globalized world
Canada is part of WTO, NAFTA, NATO, new EU treaty, UN, Charter of Rights - Meant to create stability among nations and treaties we are involved in - Once approved in, you must abide to all the laws involved and make sure your laws stay constant with that
Globalization isn't new - Told of the norsemen coming to canada and so on, but this isn't new. Read into ancient history, all is old news - Culture has changed and traveled the world for thousands of years
Recall last lecture: Who distributes your media, AP, Reuters etc. - Europe controls most news from doing releases - These have effects on globalization - If the US government did collapse, it would have changed to the Yen, this would change things dramatically
Transnationaism
Ties into Canada and it's becoming more global - Population based: Not french or English. 10% in 1981, now 32% - 3 in 10 could due part of a viable minority group by 2031, 14 million people approx. - South asian chinese will be largest - Chinese pop will be 2.4 mil - Arabs and west nations 500 thous, to 750 - Transforming the relations of canada. More relations to international then 20 years ago. Going hyperbolic - Within the next 50 years will over take the current majority - Canada will be an example of one of the global countries of the world. Brining them in to support the aging population - Will be more then native speakers
Canada can become a new media leader, but people must push for it and put in the world - The idea is that we exploit the poor to improve the rich
People thought that globalization would create equal access - Has caused wealth concentration and poverished areas
Technological deviation
Do you have to have some responsibility to globalization? - We can push back against governments against buying things like organs abroad, gmos etc
Exploit, that is how we control hegemonic messages of the world - If you can't be an economic dominate, you can be an ideologic dominant, similar to Europe way back
Media Imperialism What makes the systems of globalizations irrefutable? - It's going to continue - Geographic expansion and ever greater density of international trade - Global networking of markets, once built, won't be taken apart - On going revolution of translational linkages - ICT revolution - How we reach out to those not close to us but across borders - Universal demand for human rights and service to democracy - Can be used to expo it people, think about how we promote democracy through human rights - Stream of images of global culture - Newspapers and so on - Trying to promote you as a global citizen when theres no such thing - How to make you believe in a particular ideology - Example, giving money to Haiti starving people then those here at home starving. Help those at home to help you help those abroad - Emergence of post national, polycentric, world politics where transnational actors are prominent (treaties) - World poverty, globalization works better with a higher diversified wealth levels - Global environmental destruction - Transcultural politics within a country, relating to another country rather then your own even though you are economically within the countries jurisdiction
These are all part of the same system, same relations
Transnational Actors Examples
- Catholic church
- McDonalds
- Ford Motor Company
- Drug Cartels
- Black Market rings
Every species is globalizing - Think about it like germs, they travel around the world, traveling faster and faster because of globalization
Not just economics driving globalization but health
Lecture Seven:
From last week:
Marshall McLuhan - The World is a Global Village http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeDnPP6ntic See http://mcluhangalaxy.wordpress.com/2013/06/12/marshall-mcluhans-vision-of-the-global-village-1960/ for a summary of this video
The difference between the two sets of young adults, adolescents and teenagers.
Discuses the transformation of culture through transitioning media. The book is no longer "king". 1960's the birth of the american teenager Different changing paradigms - Analogue to digital - This video changes things, tribalism, we no longer gather around a table to listen to the radio - Trying to get you to think about being different then other people
Communications leads to management positions, in the 30-40$ thousand dollar range - 22/22/22, Age 22, 22$ thousand, 22 hours a week so don't get benefits
Government is looking unpaid internships - People will work 40 hours a week unpaid for a few years just to get the next level job - want to change this so people are not self exploiting
We are trained to fit a system - Post industrial age
We now need less physical layout then before, but more raw materials
How we imagine our labour and work - foundational idea of this class - recall: 22/22/22, avoid such things - concept of being freelancers and precarious labour - work at will - around 30-40 years old you become costly and are attempted to get rid of by younger labour - we are all replaceable - Economically inefficient for companies to keep employees for lifetime
Virtuous circle of production - people - machines
What do you do to make wealth creation? - Move people - Also happens in universities
You exist within a political economy - you can be moved around - you are a GOOD - you become a means of production but not a force
Three systems of imagining in the workplace 1. Survalencing culture of the workplace - Think about Facebook owning your data and giving it to a company at free will - Vancouver case where company hires PI to go to clubs and catch employees buying or wanting to buy marijuana. Perfectly legal for firing - They have a right to know if you drink or smoke, don't need to be an extreme but you just have to be in the right place for them - Helps control costs in their health plans as they can take them off health plans 2. Workplace of creativity and play - Challenging the paradigms - Believe you will perform better - Canadian intelligence agency just built a building on this paradigm - Imagination that we work better through relaxing, engaging with other 3. Culture of management in biopolitcs and governess - surveying yourself - manipulating through psychology to get you to behave the ways you prefer - insures that most of you are siting in your seat in a lecture rather then being up and dancing - norms in how we should act, when broken in large ways they make us feel uncomfortable - managing you through teaching you how to manage yourself so one doesn't have to be stood behind and told how to do
How people value work? - Depending on who you are, determines this - Generally we look at people who work 40 hours a week but most exploit themselves to 60 hours a week - Work in labour should be avoided at all costs, the reason for slaves and servants. Labour would be hidden in the basement - The house is like a class system
Work has changed from should be avoided to being valorized - Even your leisure is work, ie. computer game or even television, judging yourself against it - You now cannot get away from work like life, even fun!
Huge invasionary work
People say they love to work - What does this mean - huge cultural shift in society - it is about how we imagine ourselves
Should mandatory hours we have to work be lowered - France lowered there but is the most productive - U.S. is least productive because most people overwork
Precarity - politics of insecurely - made to challenge and reimagine you in a place of work - move you to consume different media
If you perform like the thing you want to be, someone will probably hire you to be one of those things
Political economy of insecurity related to everything being mobile, part of the contemporary age - The nature of work we have today and how we imagine it is coming to an end. A structural change happening - due to population pressures - baby boom, they will out vote you on more health care funding and less university funding (example - losing middle managers which is where we aim for 1. production is becoming less streamline 2. mechanization, robots 3. Technology can self manage you, Facebook etc. Unions resisting this idea - Top managers are often there to stay, unless you know someone there is no way to get there
Labour market flexibility - being able to move you is most important - more often then not you have no value to the company
Increasing unemployment - Start networking now, relationships need to occur now - Start acting like that job and you will get it - Nepotism: taken in by aunt/uncle and train you to do the job
Were the age of networked work - build a portfolio you can be proud of - build a reputation - there may no longer be a middle manager who will give you a recommendation for your next job - find your own way to differentiate yourself in this market place
Multitasking - shown that people who use their phone in class have 5% lower grade then those that don't - encompasses all previous elements
The media we use - were the generation that will have to interpret the stuff we read online to make it fit your situation - our generation has a problem with putting down media, i.e.. phones, people are talking with each other on their phones at a dinner party rather then conversing, however much this is rude - France, netherlands, at 5pm on a friday when they are done for the week, they will not touch email. In north america we should respond on a weekend because we constantly demand attention
Network mode of production - Involves everything we've talked about - 24 hour always on - ie. last week India example of sending files - trying to make you feel not alienated but dealienated from your work - make you feel that your work is something you should be passionate about, your authentic production - Everything that we can't convince you of being so important, we have mass production for
Mass customization - you can have clothes that are unique to what you want, not that much more expensize, its a machine system - same as furniture - dehieracized system, take talented people in the world and make them believe that what they do is of great value
The current system of media function runs on popularity success. - Think vampires - most writers are freelancers in precarious situations
We have a tendency to give away a lot of our work - ie. in nonprofits giving you a job a consultant would normally be paid for - we need to install a way to change this
The idea is we have three kinds of labour in the world
1. Paid labour
2. Civil labour: ie. voting and becoming informed about that
3. Household labour: ie. taking out the trash, negotiating family life, cooking
These should all be recompensed and be fair to all of those putting efforts into this
Lecture Eight: Video Lecture – No Notes
Lecture Nine:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=GIus7lm_ZK0
Deluze's postscript on the society of control - control society - current loss of father is capitalism neo-liberalism - Gilles Deluzes - disciplinary societies to - social organization today has ceased - everything is in crisis - government are in vain with disciplinary societies - continuous control - codes mark access to information - disipliary societies shape individuals - corporations control us vs. the industry - perpetual training reigns - control bay system - university is handed to the corporation - no form of society is more powerful then the other, both have liberating enslaving forces - capitalism from past to present - capitalism of concentration - capitalism is no longer in production - factory has given way for the corporation - coruption gains poer - marketing is the power of all - man is no longer man enclosed but man in debt - a symptom of displiary society? or control society? - economy of contribution - consumer economy - is this all too linear? - doesn't control displine? - conventional economy of debt and exchange - each type of society corresponds to a particular machine - Steiglar - nature of social society has changed - Maurizio L - Greg Seigworth - Struturlist - will to power and knowledge and those who attempt to build on their foundations - it all meets a need - liquid book - gaseous enterprise - ewe are required to make ethical and polical decisions - will the web fit Deleuzes philosophy? - Can digital culture be controlled? - control and experimental grid - 'Postscript on the Societies of Control'
How does power flow
How do things change in relation to other things
Everything related to everything else even if you think it doesn't - Labour to ecology, Privacy to copyrights
A structure isn't a fixed mechanical, but a relation of systems - some consider is algebraic, mathematic - whole world can be seen this way
US 1964 conference at John Hopkins university - Deerida came to speak, had questions - a definitive break from structuralism (algebraic) - define post structuralism - recentres and decentres subjuctivity
Somethings we consider objective - we perceive that the only thing that creates reality is some higher being
If theres objects theres us, subjective -- objective - these challenge people when thinking about knowledge - seen in universities and institutions alike
"The Arts of Memory" - people use to have more powerful memories - each of the spaces we occupy in the world, we make our own and tell sties which become a part of us
The things we do are try much in the form of a factory, you exist within - post structurislm, places we didn't think existed before
Is theprision like a university - what are the walls were putting in and taking out - changes to your subjectivity, changing you - disciplining you
The rules are provided to make you successful openness principal - enjoy knowledge in your own way - but learn the things necessary in discipline - part of a tradition
Build a culture of contribution, the new society
Privacy Laws in Canada
Legal frameworkds to either open possibilities or constrain you
What does privacy mean in canda? 1. Treasure board of Canada - Classical or Historical sense means the right to be left alone. In the 21st century however is has taken on many definitions: right to enjoy private space, private communications, free from surveillance, and right to ones body space 2. Privacy commissioner of canda - right to control access to ones person, and information about ones self, can control what information to give up to which sources and how much 3. Court case supreme court - the degree of privacy that the law protects is a breach of the privacy would have on the freedom and dignity of the individual
Lesser expectation of privacy when you're in a vehicle
A police could give you a full body search and be in less trouble then a doctor for doing the same
Leaders in privacy protection - Canda doesn't have as much protection because the rules around surveillance changes - two basic laws: privacy act 1983 - deals with government, what data the government can have and what they can do with it. Not universal. British columbia and quebec have different, but have to be at least as protective as federal. PEDA - consumer protection and data that goes to corporations. If you contract cross borders you are no longer under the jurisdiction of Canada. PEDA can record you, they govern those recordings - US can record what you're buying to raise your health insurance rates. All done by selling data for money - This cannot happen in Canda because of privacy commissioner
How commercialism works, pay attention to a grocery store looks, this indicates the wealth on the community and the demographic
Model code for the protection of personal information in relation to PEDA - byy PEDA - who made this, not the government. Business oriented creation - Business wants to do right by these principals 1. Accountabilty - someone has to be responsible 2. Identify the purpose 3. Consent - Never have to put your own number down (Jenny's Number) 4. Limit the collection 5. Limit use and discloser 6. Accuracy 7. Safe guard 8. 9. Openness 10. Challenge of compliance
You should always be able to see what your data is, openness is a problem, big companies do it well, small do it less
Lifehacker can lead you through how you can actually delete your Facebook account and other things
Were suppose to be a good person when it comes to other peoples data, treat it like you would treat them
Privacy goes across all levels of a business
Technical secutiry - many have duplicate office 50 - 100 miles away to pick up all necessary operations to move everyone to in the case of a terrorist attack - how much data must be kept to obtain this, it is not hard
Security issues are modulated from a practical person
We have certain classes of people we have to protect - one of them is children: different expectations of privacy then adults. Permisson from parents necessary. - any system of control that controls someones subjectivity to chose ie. prisioners - miltary personnel, chain of command - some student groups more protected then other - main three are children, military personnel, and prisioners
Privacy is changing however, everyones expectation if this is different, they change through life
Now need a second warrant to search your computer if your house is invaded. People view their computers as private objects
Surviellence grid, the connection between US and Canada and the sharing of information
Video games - everyone seems to play some now - social games played by 25-40 year old women - online playing a video game, many of these put things on your computer you do not know are there. Childrens games do this more then noticed - computers become slower because of this because you're running god knows how many aps on it - video game market is three times bigger then firm market, 75 billion dollar (probably more) market - people spend so much money on video games, this town alone 1 billion. Montreal one of the biggest in Canda along with Vancouver - We have to survey you and invade your privacy: but you agreed to these - what you spend time on is what you can exploit
Set of rules about what you can surveil on people, not knowing them can get you in trouble
Knowing you're being survey tends to change your behaviour - you modulate your behaviour when you think someone is watching you, you surveil your self
Privacy invasion is a part of our everyday life - sometimes you buy into it, sometimes you don't - is it all related, is it worth you giving up your rights
This means were complacent in the whole thing
Lecture Ten: Media and the environment
Video: Ghana - Digital Dumping Groung www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/ghana804/video/video_index.html This video has the commentary written below. I have included some brief notes just below here.
- Scavenge it for a living
- filled with toxic substances
- mostly children
- look for metals, and burn away the plastics
- where american electronics come to die
- only about 50% of the computer the collectors get actually work
- many still contain personal data of previous owner - criminals use this to set up scams - bank account information, private personal details all can be found on these computers - even the pentagon puts their drives to this place and can have the info breached
- the only way to ensure data doesn't reach other is to break the hard drive
- in china e-waste is business
- swaps are filled with commuter waste
- to recycle waste environmentally costs too much money, it hurts the environment to not, but developing countries can't afford to make sacrifices on it
*shadow work
*formal economy
*informal economy - stuff produced from hobbies
*shadow economies - not just hurting themselves, hurting their kids, grandkids, people we will have to deal with because population isn't going away - ewaste is becoming greater - we participate in this system of operations
*ecology
- in communication and human communication - ecological communication, growing field - interested in shadow work: even if they don't want to do it why do they do it, who is telling them they will benefit, do they have an imagination of the future
We use our communication system to legitimate our world, enable justice, without communication system this doesn't work
The environment - recall: everything is connected - environment is a high topic in mass communication - how do you talk about things in the environment in public and help people understand these environment issues? (this includes food trends) - when you send a gigabit of information, how many blocks of coal does this equal? - this all adds up, it all has effect - every time you download something from the internet and the connections to this computer, someone has to get the energy to complete this
How are these all connected - this is ecology - we think that owning computers will cause global warming because of the chain of producing the means to make these work causes so much heat - chain of chaos
Movement to digital office - like this class, it can all be done digitally - without paper we save trees, think about the impact of higher education on deforestation
Metal, human health, and environment - same question as why is the penny going away? What is the value of the penny, its cheaper not to make it because copper costs so much - europe people stealing the roofs because they're made of copper - when will it become the case that steel is worth more then now, same with all natural resources, its easier to take the risk on their health and legal to steal it - it has become worth more then the value of life - our grand kids will be mining our dumps to recover anything of value that is cheaper to mine from them then the ground. Its happening else where in the world, it will be Canada's time
Politics - political ecology - gregory bateson - mental, social, environmental: they're all the same thing but we all see it a different way
Ewaste - all electronic equipment that has a plug, battery or - most students say that they hope to give it to someone else to hopefuly dispose of it the right way (27%) - 26% will get to it eventually and intend to do it right - 46% lack motivation to do anything about it - western culture built on hoarding - we can digitize everything
Ontario produces a 100 tons per year of ewaste - there are a lot of poisons in these products, so they must be disposed of properly - these poisons leech into our waters, slowly increasing to the point where eventually we will not be able to drink the water - people are going through 50s and 60s dumps and pulling out electronics - reduce, reuse, recycle invented in ontario and came about in the late 90s - copper creates acid which eats up stuff
Three basic acts that effect this issue
1. Canadian Environmental Act
2. Canadian environmental assessment act
3. transportation of dangerous goods act - we ask of you to dispose of things properly so as not to kill things - if you go into a business that has electronics (most of us) there will be ewaste, you will have to deal with these laws
From readings, treaty - standard for destroying things is by hand or security wipe
If exposed to lead as a young person there will be effects on three generation right after you, effects phenotype - someone will be exposed - in local proximity there at 27 brown fields, poison fields. - in toronto there are several hundred within areas where we think we can live…kids will be playing in this dirt, this has generational effects
Its not just this waste - as human beings we eat - this production is huge - our waste facilities are over flowing and we are running out of space because we produce so much trash - we are also throwing out 172 kilograms per person in canada per year - its not being recycled appropriately - restaurants provide most of this waste, students live of restaurants - food is a multiplier of waste: if mixed with poisons waste it becomes resistant because of bacteria and we create a huge new problem - superbugs - 1.3 billon tons of food waste per year
We donate money abroad but there are people beside us are not getting fed properly because they don't have the money to feed themselves
There are huge problems locally, take care of them first
Canada has huge problems with the environments, some one has to pay for this it is political ecology
What technology changed the world the most? - the refrigerator and air conditioners , not just because of chemicals - australia you should put on long sleeves because there is no more ozone to protect us - refrigeration: they allow us to eat whatever we want whenever we want - you can't get the food you want without it - huge world movement to eat things only in season - all embedded in ecology - think about the process for it all to get here
Its all connect - heinz collapse in southern ontario because of loss of contract with mcdonalds - farmings and industrial part of region now has to be reconstructed, a part of the economy is loss - who knew canada was a major producer of ketchup? - all related to communication: there are people out there who's only job is to get you to buy this food. - all items are equal but the brand is the only differentiator of quality
We learn that where you shop is defining of your class, even though some of the same brands are the same - where we shop has impact - you can go watch a shopping centres cars and see who goes in, communication has created identities that make people comfortable in particular environments
deadzones - shopping deadzones - like detroit, there is no money there - food is part of communications - an analysis of people to define what to put and where to put it
Food is where wars are started - where people starve, people will go to war - ethopian, sudan - oil issues
Largest world conflict is increasing population which puts impact on food - green revolution in the 70s - stopped billions from starving - we are not foreseeing the next - population puts pressure on this conflict - all related to food
37 millon starving in Canada alone - all in relation to food production system
1.6 billon in the world who cannot participate in consumer economy
Biological revolution - ie. meat being produced in a tube
How do you make people believe that it's okay for them to go hungry when you do not?
How do you get people to believe that they are justified in feeling hungry? - this is a political ecology that we have grown up with - there is no justice here
We need to manage our communication systems to bring this together and control issues - elderly in 15 - 20 years are going to remarkably poor because there are no savings, they all have the power to vote but they are also all going hungry - all a part of this huge ecological system
You May Also Find These Documents Helpful
-
The essay is entitled “Where the World Began” because Canada is where her world began.…
- 460 Words
- 2 Pages
Good Essays -
Use this document to help you design your experiment about one of the scenarios from the activity. Copy and paste the template then insert your information for each of the steps of the scientific method.…
- 297 Words
- 2 Pages
Satisfactory Essays -
It is appropriate to begin first with a discussion of Canada’s close military ties with the world’s reigning…
- 4379 Words
- 18 Pages
Best Essays -
4. Block booking means that theater owners must agree to show certain films in all the…
- 953 Words
- 8 Pages
Satisfactory Essays -
reputation. This reputation obtained by Canada was respect because of the battles it had fought in the…
- 643 Words
- 1 Page
Good Essays -
There are parallels between concerns about this single alien source in the context of Canadian broadcasting policy. The Broadcasting Act declares that broadcasting in Canada must be Canadian – by Canadians, for Canadians. The power of American media in Canada has always been a matter of concern to Canadian broadcasting…
- 1100 Words
- 5 Pages
Good Essays -
A Port Expander is a hardware device that allows a user to use more than one device on a single port. A good example of a port expander is a USB hub. Most USB hubs allow you to hook up 3 to 5 USB connections from only 1 USB port on your computer.…
- 345 Words
- 2 Pages
Satisfactory Essays -
Moving on to the ‘BBC News’, despite having an independence from Ofcom the BBC have almost identical rules that must be followed. ‘The BBC News’ is probably one of the hardest programmes to keep within the rules, as its job is to get us the non-bias news, reporting on crime, offense, worldwide affairs, elections and lots more. ‘The BBC News’ has to be very careful with fairness, as stereotypes on the news can become an hegemonic belief if the viewers believe what’s being said, and through representation and editing feeling about different groups, genders, race and age are easy to create. An example of ‘The BBC News’ going against The BBC Trust’s fairness regulation was with…
- 808 Words
- 4 Pages
Good Essays -
-What are the words, images and sounds that are used to describe Canadian national identity? Who and what is canadain?…
- 758 Words
- 4 Pages
Powerful Essays -
Susan Delacourt, a political journalist, says: “To be Canadian mean to be willing to shrug off your own identity so you can imagine what it’s like to be someone else.” This is the Canada we know now, diverse and multicultural, however it took over a century to get to this point.…
- 945 Words
- 3 Pages
Good Essays -
at home and overseas for strengthening the Canadian nation by advancing the role of Quebec in…
- 133 Words
- 1 Page
Satisfactory Essays -
All throughout Canada in the 20th Century there have been numerous events actions and decisions that we call defining moments. Canada has been through many battles, very hard chosen decisions, and gone through many changes that have changed the way Canadians live today. Certain people have influenced the country in a positive way and made Canada a stronger nation. Events such as the battle of Vimy Ridge, the formation of NATO, the creation of the Canadian flag and people such as Lester B. Pearson all assisted in defining Canada as a nation.…
- 1653 Words
- 7 Pages
Better Essays -
Canada has long been regarded as a rich and democratic country that’s very well developed. The secret behind this is like the famous quote from history,“United we stand, divided we fall”. Canada has a government requiring all the provinces to contribute and each region has its own advantage and drawbacks. Together, we are able to cover each other’s weaknesses and improve as a Confederation.…
- 672 Words
- 3 Pages
Good Essays -
Cited: Bain, Colin M., et al. Making History: The Story of Canada in the Twentieth Century. Toronto, Ontario 2000.…
- 1549 Words
- 7 Pages
Better Essays -
expose one by one, several of the current myths about the state of the Canadian…
- 1109 Words
- 5 Pages
Powerful Essays