Best Immunology Study Guide
Cells: Innate Immunity
Phagocyte – internalize and destroy antigen
Receptors and Ligands
Phagocyte Receptor
Direct
PPRR*
Indirect
FcγR
CR-1 complement receptor
CRP binding site (C-reactive Protein)
* Primitive Pattern Recognition Receptors
Antigen Ligand
PAMPS**
IgG (Fc)
C3b
CRP
** Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns
Armamentarium o Lysosomal Enzymes
Lactoferrin – binds iron
Defensins – permeabalize membranes
Lysozyme – destroys bacterial wall
Myeloperoxidase – catalyses reaction to form hypochlorite o Reactive Oxygen Intermediates (ROI’s)
Hydroxyl Radical
Hydroxyl Ion
Superoxide anion
Hydrogen peroxide (NADPH oxidase activation) o Hypochlorite Ion – reaction catalyzed by Myeloperoxidase o Reactive Nitrogen Intermediates (RNI’s)
Activation of iNOS
IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, TNF : released after macrophage activation
Eosinophils – destroys helminths (role in allergies)
Receptors and Ligands
Eosinophil Receptor
FcR
Antigen Ligand
IgE (Fc)
Armamentarium o Major Basic Protein (MBP) – membrane disruption o Eosinophilic Cationic Protein (ECP) – membrane pore creation
Natural Killer Cells – destroys infected autologous cells
Receptors and Ligands
NK Cell Receptor
Antigen Ligand
Direct
NK Activating Receptor
Various
Killer Inhibitory Receptor (KIR)
Various
Indirect
FcγR
IgG (Fc)*
* Leads to ADCC (antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity)
Armamentarium o Perforin – causes osmotic lysis o Granzymes - causes apoptosis
IFNγ – released by NK Cells after activation
NOTE: Items in RED were included in the Fall 2007 Midterm
Accessory Cells (Mast Cells/Basophils)
Receptors and Ligands
Accessory Cell Receptor
FcR
IgE (Fc)* - then cross linking with antigen
C5aR
C5a
C4a and C3a Receptor
Counter Molecules
C4a or C3a complement fragments
Cells product – histamine
Kills helminths
Soluble Mediators –
Phagocyte – internalize and destroy antigen
Receptors and Ligands
Phagocyte Receptor
Direct
PPRR*
Indirect
FcγR
CR-1 complement receptor
CRP binding site (C-reactive Protein)
* Primitive Pattern Recognition Receptors
Antigen Ligand
PAMPS**
IgG (Fc)
C3b
CRP
** Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns
Armamentarium o Lysosomal Enzymes
Lactoferrin – binds iron
Defensins – permeabalize membranes
Lysozyme – destroys bacterial wall
Myeloperoxidase – catalyses reaction to form hypochlorite o Reactive Oxygen Intermediates (ROI’s)
Hydroxyl Radical
Hydroxyl Ion
Superoxide anion
Hydrogen peroxide (NADPH oxidase activation) o Hypochlorite Ion – reaction catalyzed by Myeloperoxidase o Reactive Nitrogen Intermediates (RNI’s)
Activation of iNOS
IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, TNF : released after macrophage activation
Eosinophils – destroys helminths (role in allergies)
Receptors and Ligands
Eosinophil Receptor
FcR
Antigen Ligand
IgE (Fc)
Armamentarium o Major Basic Protein (MBP) – membrane disruption o Eosinophilic Cationic Protein (ECP) – membrane pore creation
Natural Killer Cells – destroys infected autologous cells
Receptors and Ligands
NK Cell Receptor
Antigen Ligand
Direct
NK Activating Receptor
Various
Killer Inhibitory Receptor (KIR)
Various
Indirect
FcγR
IgG (Fc)*
* Leads to ADCC (antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity)
Armamentarium o Perforin – causes osmotic lysis o Granzymes - causes apoptosis
IFNγ – released by NK Cells after activation
NOTE: Items in RED were included in the Fall 2007 Midterm
Accessory Cells (Mast Cells/Basophils)
Receptors and Ligands
Accessory Cell Receptor
FcR
IgE (Fc)* - then cross linking with antigen
C5aR
C5a
C4a and C3a Receptor
Counter Molecules
C4a or C3a complement fragments
Cells product – histamine
Kills helminths
Soluble Mediators –