A&P 2 Final

A&P 2; final exam III

1. _______ and _______ "bioactivate" thyroid hormone by removing a single "outer-ring" iodine atom. D1 and D2
2. _______ and the _______ regulate virtually all aspects of growth, development, and homeostasis pituitary; hypothalamus
3. _______ are a component of signal transduction cascades secondary messengers
4. _______ binds to specific call surface receptors that stimulate adenylate cyclase to produce cAMP TSH
5. _______ control growth and development hormones
6. _______ directly controls the secretion of calcitionin and parathyroid hormone via negative feedback loops that do not involve the pituitary gland blood calcium level
7. _______ have powerful effect even when present in very low concentrations hormones
8. _______ hormones activate an integral membrance protein water-soluble
9. _______ hormones are enclosed in vesicles that move down the axons and accumulate near at the axon terminals that are close to the posteroir pituitary's capillaries hypothalamic hormones
10. _______ hormones bind to and activate receptors within the cells lipid-soluble
11. _______ hormones may start a mechanism of action involving cyclic AMP water-soluble
12. _______ increases metabolic activity that is required to synthesize thyroglobulin and generate peroxide TSH
13. _______ is a gas and a hormone nitric oxide
14. _______ is an important component of the follicular colloid thyroglobulin
15. _______ is one of the hormones that is produced in the hypothalamus and has vesicular transport in the axons of the hypothalamohypophysial tract OT
16. _______ is the term for the constellation of defects resulting from untreated neonatal hypothyroidism. cretinism
17. _______ may have synthetic hormones bind to them hormone receptors
18. _______ stimulates both I- uptake and iodination of tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin TSH
19. _______ stimulates contraction of the uterus and ejection (let-down) of milk from the breasts oxytocin
20. _______: an excess of hormone will lead to the degradation of receptors through endocytosis down-regulation
21. ADH is also know as vasopressin
22. ADH, TSH, ACTH, glucagon, and epinephrine exert their influence by _______ of cAMP increasing the synthesis
23. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) are secreted by corticotrophs
24. all cases of dwarfism do not result from hyposecreation of the _______ pituitary gland
25. an example of an amine, peptide, or protein hormone is serotonin
26. at each cell _______ are constantly being synthesized and broken down receptors
27. Atleast two hormones are necessary for a certain effect. this describes synergistic effect
28. calcium ions may be a _______ secondary messenger
29. each target cell may respond to hormones _______ differently
30. epinephrin is produced in the adrenal medulla
31. Erythropoietin is produced by the _____ and increases _____ precursors kidneys; red blood cells
32. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are secreted by the gonadotrophs
33. glucagon is produced by alpha cells
34. hormones only affect target cells with specific membrane proteins called receptors
35. human growth hormone (hGH) is secreted by somatotrophs
36. hypothalamohypophyseal portal system irrigates the _______ pituitary anterior
37. in the pituitary, the _______ contains large colloid vesicles reminiscent of the thyroid pars intermedia
38. insulin is produces by _____ cells beta
39. iodine is carred into the follicular cells through a Na+ symporter
40. major histocompatibility complex antigens (MHC) are _______ for each person unique
41. only about 0.02% of the total T4 in blood is unbound or free