A. Racial Group

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1. The sociological concept of minority can be described as a a. group that experiences limitations and barriers to life’s opportunities. b. group that is numerically less than 50% of the population. c. condition defined exclusively in terms of physical traits. d. condition that does not have negative effects in a democracy.

2. Members of a minority or subordinate group a. share physical or cultural characteristics that distinguish them from the dominant group. b. have less power over their lives than do members of a majority. c. acquire membership by being born into that group. d. all of these apply

3. All of the following are processes that may create subordinate groups except: a. immigration. b colonialism. c. annexation. d. extermination.

4. Which term is used by sociologists to describe a group that is set apart from others because of obvious physical differences? a. racial group b formal group c. ethnic group d. social group

5. Which of the following is considered a racial group? a. Jews b. Puerto Ricans c. African Americans d. all of these

6. Which term is used to describe a group that is set apart from others primarily because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns? a. racial group b. ethnic group c. social group d. formal group

7. Ethnicity refers to a. differences in physical and mental characteristics b. racial differences. c. cultural differences. d. citizenship.

8. Which of the following is considered an ethnic group? a. Mexican Americans b. Puerto Ricans c. Irish Americans d. all of these

9. Which of the following is NOT considered an ethnic group? a. Puerto Ricans. b. Polish Americans. c. Italian Americans. d. Muslims.

10. Subordinate groups include a. Roman Catholics. b. deaf people. c. women. d. all of these

11. The concept of race is a. determined by blood type. b. biologically based on genetically isolated groups. c. predicated by skin shade increments. d. socially constructed.
12. When belief in the inheritance of behavior patterns is coupled with the feeling that certain groups are inherently superior to others it is called a. racism. b. ethnocentrism. c. prejudice. d. racial formation.

13. Racial formation refers to the a. biological merging of two races. b. creation of race-bias IQ tests. c. sociohistorical process by which racial categories are created and manipulated. d. defining of new race categories by the media.

14. Which of the following theoretical perspectives tends to emphasize how the multiple parts of society are structured to maintain its stability? a. functionalist theory b. labeling theory c. macrosociological theory d. conflict theory

15. Which of the following perspectives on race and ethnicity tends to emphasize group tensions between the privileged and the exploited? a. functionalist b. macrosociology c. microsociology d. conflict

16. The conflict perspective emphasizes a. social change. b. the exploitation of minorities by dominant groups. c. the redistribution of resources. d. all of these

17. Exaggerated generalizations about the characteristics of members of a group that do not recognize individual differences within the group are known as a. stereotypes. b. pluralities. c. self-fulfilling prophecies d. scapegoats.

18. In certain situations, we may respond to stereotypes and act on them, with the result that false definitions become accurate. This is known as the a. functionalist theory. b. exploitation theory. c. self-fulfilling prophecy. d. authoritarian personality.

19. Stereotypes are applied to a. lesbians. b. gamblers. c. people with disabilities. d. all of these

20. The formation of a subordinate-group-dominant-group relationship emerges through a. annexation. b. colonialism. c. migration. d. all of these

21. World systems theory addresses the conflict between a. nations who control wealth and nations who provide natural resources and labor. b. subordinate and dominant groups. c. religious groups around the globe. d. functionalist and conflict theory.

22. Which term refers to the physical separation of two groups of people in terms of residence, workplace, and social functions? a. pluralism b. amalgamation c. segregation d. assimilation.

23. The term melting pot refers to a. amalgamation. b. fusion. c. the formation of a new cultural entity. d. all of these

24. Pluralism refers to the existence of a. one homogeneous culture. b. social integration. c. diverse cultures co-existing in the same society. d. Black separatism

25. The development of solidarity among ethnic subgroups is called a. pluralism. b. panethnicity. c. fusion. d. marginality.