A Pragmatics Analysis: A Clean, Well-Lighted Place by Ernest Hemingway
PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS
Diajukan Sebagai Tugas Akhir pada Mata Kuliah Semantic and Pragmatic of English
Muhammad Rizki Rastra
1206268655
Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya
Universitas Indonesia
2013
I. Introduction
Pragmatic is the study of how meanings are used by speaker. In pragmatic, meaning has contextual meaning, and we can have several meanings just from one utterance, on the other words, the meaning of one utterance is varied. There are also interlocutors in pragmatic. They are speaker and listener. These interlocutors must communicate well with cooperative principle. The cooperative principle allows us speaking to someone showing our cooperation. This cooperation impacts to the dialogue so that the communication can run sustainably.
There is an L-I-P theory in pragmatic.
- Locutionary the utterance that we hear
- Illocutionary intended meanings
- Perlocutionary effect of the intended meaning (effect of the utterance on the listener)
For example:
L: “It’s hot here”
I: Let’s get out from this room / Turn on the air conditioner
P: The solution / the act they are getting out from the room / the listener turns on the air conditioner.
In pragmatic, there is a lot of misunderstanding between the speaker and listener. This pragmatic failure happens because there is a lack of communication or a gap between the interlocutors and also there is a lot of implicature. Somehow the cultural factor from each interlocutor contributes to this failure because, as we know, the interlocutor has own cultural and linguistic background.
In conversational cooperation, we know maxims. There are four main maxims.
1. The Maxim of Quality (Try to make your contribution one that is true)
2. The Maxim of Quantity (Make your contribution as informative as is required, do not make it more informative than is required.
3. The Maxim of Relevance (Make your contributions relevant so that the contribution can be related)
4. The Maxim
Diajukan Sebagai Tugas Akhir pada Mata Kuliah Semantic and Pragmatic of English
Muhammad Rizki Rastra
1206268655
Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya
Universitas Indonesia
2013
I. Introduction
Pragmatic is the study of how meanings are used by speaker. In pragmatic, meaning has contextual meaning, and we can have several meanings just from one utterance, on the other words, the meaning of one utterance is varied. There are also interlocutors in pragmatic. They are speaker and listener. These interlocutors must communicate well with cooperative principle. The cooperative principle allows us speaking to someone showing our cooperation. This cooperation impacts to the dialogue so that the communication can run sustainably.
There is an L-I-P theory in pragmatic.
- Locutionary the utterance that we hear
- Illocutionary intended meanings
- Perlocutionary effect of the intended meaning (effect of the utterance on the listener)
For example:
L: “It’s hot here”
I: Let’s get out from this room / Turn on the air conditioner
P: The solution / the act they are getting out from the room / the listener turns on the air conditioner.
In pragmatic, there is a lot of misunderstanding between the speaker and listener. This pragmatic failure happens because there is a lack of communication or a gap between the interlocutors and also there is a lot of implicature. Somehow the cultural factor from each interlocutor contributes to this failure because, as we know, the interlocutor has own cultural and linguistic background.
In conversational cooperation, we know maxims. There are four main maxims.
1. The Maxim of Quality (Try to make your contribution one that is true)
2. The Maxim of Quantity (Make your contribution as informative as is required, do not make it more informative than is required.
3. The Maxim of Relevance (Make your contributions relevant so that the contribution can be related)
4. The Maxim
References: 2. http://www.sparknotes.com/short-stories/a-clean-well-lighted-place/characters.html accessed July 25th, 2013. 3. http://media.humanities.manchester.ac.uk/humanities/flash/sociolinguistics/exercise04/exercise04.html accessed July 25th, 2013 4