A critical Analysis of Contemporary Racism in Australia: The Experiences of Aborigines

Assessment Task 2
TITLE
A critical analysis of “Contemporary Racism in Australia: The
Experiences of Aborigines”
INTRODUCTION
This assessment was based on David Mellor’s report “Contemporary
Racism in Australia: The Experiences of Aborigines. David’s report shows that in recent years contemporary racism still as a serious problem than it had been in last several years and also gives a research about this phenomenon. This article would analyse David Mallor’s research critically from three main parts. First part is about the aims and purposes of the research, as well as explain the methods which were used in the research. Next part would be critical analysis about methods and sample. Third part’s main idea is about other issues’ critical analysis especially give the personal viewpoint and explain.
Furthermore, there will be a conclusion in the assessment’s end which prefer to justify personal comments and restate overall evaluation of the research. THE RESEARCH
The aims of this research is concentrate on Aboriginal Australians’ experiences in racism and step up efforts of investigation to report the phenomenon of racism of racism. Researchers used a non probability sampling technique which as qualitative method to gather data. To be more specifically, this method was use snowball sampling for recruit participants, it makes sense of large number of data to decrease the volume of information.NUD*IST, a software package which permits to explore the qualitative data by improving the data classifying and investigates patterns in the data. The data influenced racist phenomena typically from several aspects.The people who participate reported the experiences of racism could be fund in a wide amount of forms which across a large amount of settings and from a massive amounts of the perpetrators. Furthermore, the experiences which were shared across participants could be divided into four types. First and second categories is the predominantly individual in nature and expression through either verbal or behavioral means. The third type is around the discrimination which usually embedded in institutionalized practices.
However, it is infringed by the individuals from the violation of the

norms which is allowed and refers to the equality of treatment for all of the members from the community. The fourth category around the racism is occurs at a macro-level without community and is institutional and cultural in nature than individual.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS - METHODS & SAMPLE
The method of this research was qualitative, thus,the results is totally descriptive in the presentation. However, this method would not be appreciate because it was difficult to collect massive amounts of data for qualitative data analysing. This method would be more helpful to used in individual investigation because it is an open-ended questionnaires. People’s opinion changing with the years, different ages person as sample could help to get further information and specific result of the research. Unfortunately, it was not useful for get a qualification research result and this way was just focused on one subgroup of the Aboriginal population and the urbanized Aboriginal population in Melbourne. (1982, citied by Essed, 1991, p.62). As for the other methods and justification is that the primary data which could be collected by the in-depth interview for the investigations. This method could be chosen into the contextual plenty of the experiences which are from the participants. In addition, the main point of this method is to give alternatives to express the experiences that the participants interpreted to be racist and to give the chance for them to demonstrate their opinions as well as show the details on their expressions of the opinions. There are several samples of the interview. For instance, if the experiences that interviewers had and male or female thought they have the experiences of racist by others or the personal reason racist by others. The participators need to describe the event of racist by others and they also need to give a brief explanation with variety details for the event and the incident they have faced this event. Second one is interviewers have to explain the emotions and feelings that they have when they were experienced racism to others. The third one is interviewers need to give the respondency to the specific experiences.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS - OTHER ISSUES
The secondary materials that used by the researchers were appropriate. By researching and using other data and materials,
David’s article was academic and he also provide varies of details to prove the main idea. The result data of the emotion of experiencing racist from others through the Aboriginal participators is that they felt

normal and widespread, sensitive and looks like intangible. The suggestions would increasing the percentage of social acceptable of racism advised to exist in the United States (Pettigrew, 1989), in
Europe, (Essed, 1991, 1992; Pettigrew & Meertens, 1995), and the
Britain (Billing, 1988), for instance, also may be a fairy story. The further problems of using the qualitative method is that is difficult to link the experiences of the accessing people. The interviewers possibly loss the memory of the past, they may also do not accept to have the interviews. With these problems, using either quantitative research or qualitative research could not get the data particularly. What is more, the qualitative research has the insufficient of collecting subtle samples of data and make difficult compare with other research in the same field of work.

CONCLUSION
To sum up, this report is critical analysis David’s article “Contemporary
Racism in Australia: The Experiences of Aborigines”. Racism as a serious problem not only in political arena but also in social science. At present, this issue still remain in the daily life and probably would not solve immediately. Moreover, there are three main point in this report.
First is the research which outline the main idea of the David’s article.
Second part is the critical analysis which include the methods and samples in the research. The third one is about other issues’ critical analysis that briefly analyse other aspects with the research. As stated above, this report was focus on critical analysis of contemporary racism in Australia.

REFERENCES Essed, P. (1991). Understanding everyday racism: An interdisciplinary theory.
Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Patton, M. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed.). Thousand
Oaks, CA: Sage. Essed, P. (1992). Alternative knowledge sources in explanations of racist events. In
M. L. McLaughlin, M. J. Cody & S. J. Read (Eds.), Explaining one
’
s self to others:
Reason giving in a social context (pp. 199­ 224). Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Pettigrew, T. F. (1989). The nature of modern racism in the United States. Revue
Internationale de Psycholgie Sociale, 2, 291­303. Pettigrew, T. F., & Meertens, R. W. (1995). Subtle and blatant prejudice in Western
Europe. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 57­ 75Billig, M. (1988). The notion of
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prejudice
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: Some rhetorical and ideological aspects. Text, 8, 91­110. Billig, M. (1988). The notion of
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prejudice
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Text, 8, 91­110.

References: Essed,  P.  (1991).  Understanding  everyday  racism:  An  interdisciplinary  theory.  Newbury Park, CA: Sage.    Patton, M. (1990). Qualitative evaluation  and research methods (2nd ed.). Thousand  Essed,  P.  (1992).  Alternative knowledge  sources in  explanations of racist events.  In  M. L. McLaughlin, M. J. Cody & S. J. Read (Eds.), Explaining one​ Pettigrew,  T.  F.  (1989).  The  nature  of  modern  racism  in  the  United  States.  Revue  Internationale de Psycholgie Sociale, 2, 291­303.     Pettigrew,  T.  F.,  &  Meertens,  R.  W. (1995). Subtle  and blatant prejudice in Western  Europe. European  Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 57­  75Billig, M. (1988). The  notion of ​   Billig, M. (1988). The notion of ​