Youth Unemployment in the Caribbean: Social and Economic Backgrounds
Kazi
1
Youth Unemployment in the Caribbean: Social and Economic Backgrounds : Kazi, Tamjidul Huda
Kazi Table of Contents Acronyms Terms of Reference Introduction School-to-Work Transition Some Impediments to Labour Force Entry The Caribbean Context Defining Youth Youth Unemployment Rates Specific Social Problems in the Caribbean Youth Development Policies and Programs in the Caribbean Regional Programs International Development Organizations Global Policy Framework Effectiveness of Youth Policies Conclusion
2
Kazi Acronyms AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome CARICOM: Caribbean Community CDCED: Caribbean Group for Cooperation and Economic Development CIDA: Canadian International Development Agency COSHSOD: Commission for Human and Social Development CYP: Commonwealth Youth Programme DFID: Department for International Development ECLAC: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome ILO: International Labour Organization LAC: Latin America and the Caribbean NGO: Non-Governmental Organization NYC: National Youth Council OECS: Organization of Eastern Caribbean States UN: United Nations UNDP: United Nations Development Programme UNFPA: United Fund for Population Activities
3
Kazi Terms of Reference The purpose of this paper is to provide the following: a) b) a general perspective of youth unemployment in the Caribbean, social backgrounds contributing to youth unemployment, including specific social, economic, demographic, gender-related, cultural and population-related problems, a summary of existing policies, including
4
c)
d) an enumeration of existing national, regional and international programs and policies geared towards youth development and employment generation. Because of the lack of sufficient material and information on the issues addressed, this paper owes a great deal to, and certain passages are directly borrowed from, research by World Bank, ILO and CARICOM. However, the
1
Youth Unemployment in the Caribbean: Social and Economic Backgrounds : Kazi, Tamjidul Huda
Kazi Table of Contents Acronyms Terms of Reference Introduction School-to-Work Transition Some Impediments to Labour Force Entry The Caribbean Context Defining Youth Youth Unemployment Rates Specific Social Problems in the Caribbean Youth Development Policies and Programs in the Caribbean Regional Programs International Development Organizations Global Policy Framework Effectiveness of Youth Policies Conclusion
2
Kazi Acronyms AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome CARICOM: Caribbean Community CDCED: Caribbean Group for Cooperation and Economic Development CIDA: Canadian International Development Agency COSHSOD: Commission for Human and Social Development CYP: Commonwealth Youth Programme DFID: Department for International Development ECLAC: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome ILO: International Labour Organization LAC: Latin America and the Caribbean NGO: Non-Governmental Organization NYC: National Youth Council OECS: Organization of Eastern Caribbean States UN: United Nations UNDP: United Nations Development Programme UNFPA: United Fund for Population Activities
3
Kazi Terms of Reference The purpose of this paper is to provide the following: a) b) a general perspective of youth unemployment in the Caribbean, social backgrounds contributing to youth unemployment, including specific social, economic, demographic, gender-related, cultural and population-related problems, a summary of existing policies, including
4
c)
d) an enumeration of existing national, regional and international programs and policies geared towards youth development and employment generation. Because of the lack of sufficient material and information on the issues addressed, this paper owes a great deal to, and certain passages are directly borrowed from, research by World Bank, ILO and CARICOM. However, the
Bibliography: Alexis, A. “Mainstreaming Youth in the Development Process. Public Lecture to Mark Youth Month 2000, University of Technology Jamaica.” Mimeo. Guyana: Commonwealth Youth Programme. Barker, G. (1995). “Situational Analysis of Drug Abuse among Youth at-Risk in the Caribbean: A Needs Assessment of Out-of-School Youth in St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, St. Maarten and Jamaica.” Mimeo. UNDCP. Caribbean Country Management Unit, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region. Caribbean Youth Development: Issues and Policy Directions. World Bank 2003. CARICOM. Women and Men in CARICOM Member States: 1980, 1990 and 2000 Rounds of Population Censuses. Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat, Georgetown, Guyana. 2002 Danns, G.K., Henry B.I., and LaFleur, P. (1997). Tomorrow 's Adults. A Situational Analysis of Youth in the Commonwealth Caribbean. London, UK: Commonwealth Secretariat. Fawcett, Caroline. “Latin American Youth in Transition: A Policy Paper on Youth Unemployment in Latin America and the Caribbean.” Sustainable Development Department, Social Development Division, Labor Markets Policy Briefs Series, InterAmerican Development Bank Furlong, Andy. “Youth Employment.” O’ Higgins, Niall. “Government Policy and Youth Employment.” Produced for the Youth Employment Summit (YES2002) Helena, Helve M. “The Situation of Girls And Young Women.” Helsinki University. Hoikkala, Tommi and Mustonen, Juha. “Overview: Priorities For Global Youth Policy.” Finnish Youth Research Network, Helsinki. Hopenhayn, Martin. “Youth and Employment in Latin America and the Caribbean: Problems, Prospects and Options.” Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) for the Youth Employment Summit Alexandria, Egypt, September 7– 11, 2002. International Labour Organization (ILO) Caribbean Office and Multidisciplinary Advisory Team. The Challenge of Youth Unemployment in the Caribbean: the Role of Youth Employment Training Programmes. 1997. http://www.ilocarib.org.tt/infsources/youth_employment/panyouth.html Kazi 25 International Labour Organization (ILO). Generating decent work for young people: An Issues Paper prepared for the Secretary-General’ Youth Employment Network. Youth s Employment Network. ILO 2002. International Labour Organization (ILO). “Meeting the Youth Employment Challenge: A Guide for Employers.” Geneva, 2001. International Labour Organization (ILO). “Reducing the Decent Work Deficit: A Global Challenge,” ILO, Geneva, 2001 Miles, Stephen. “Young People in a Globalizing World” Morales, C. “Youth and Social Exclusion in Chile”, in E. Gacitúa Soto and S. Davis (Eds.), Social Exclusion and Poverty Reduction in Latin America and the Caribbean. San Jose Costa Rica: FLACSO/The World Bank, 2001. Pantin, Dennis A. Volume 1 of a Working Draft of a conference paper titled "Revisiting the challenge of youth employment in the Caribbean". Commissioned by the International Labour Organization, ILO Caribbean Office, Trinidad and Tobago. Satyamurti, V. “Micro Enterprise as a Means of Youth Employment” Townsend, P. “Ending world poverty in the 21st century”, in Tackling Inequalities: Where Are We Now and What Can Be Done, C. Pantazis and D. Gordon, eds. Bristol, The Policy Press, 2000. United Nations. Follow-up to the World Summit for Social Development and the twentyfourth special session of the General Assembly: review of relevant United Nations plans and programmes of action pertaining to the situation of social groups. World Youth Report 2003. Report of the Secretary-General. United Nations 2003. United Nations. United Nations Millennium Declaration. United Nations, 2000. United Nations. Report on the International Conference on Financing for Development. Monterrey, Mexico, 18-22 March, 2002. United Nations, New York. United Nations. Report of the World Summit for Social Development (Copenhagen, 6-12 March 1995). United Nations, 1995. United Nations. Road map towards the implementation of the United Nations Millennium Declaration. Report of the Secretary-General. UN 2001 United Nations. “We the peoples: the role of the United Nations in the twenty-first century," Report of the Secretary-General (A/54/2000). United Nations, New York. Kazi 26 World Bank (2000). HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean: Issues and Options. Washington, DC: The World Bank.