Youth and Terrorism
YOUTH AND TERRORISM: A SELECTION OF ARTICLES
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
DATIN PADUKA RASHIDAH RAMLI
MANAGING EDITOR
DATO’ HIDAYAT ABDUL HAMID
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
THOMAS KORUTH SAMUEL
AHMAD TAJUDDIN MOHD. SAID
MELVIN CHEAH CHEE AUN
SHARMINI ANN NATHAN
KENNIMROD SARIBURAJA
THANGAM K RAMNATH
PUBLISHER
Southeast Asia Regional Centre for CounterTerrorism (SEARCCT)
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, MALAYSIA
No. 516, Persiaran Mahameru
50480 Kuala Lumpur
MALAYSIA
Tel
Fax
Email
Website
: (603) 2261 1900
: (603) 2274 9487
: info@searcct.gov.my
: www.searcct.gov.my
SEARCCT is dedicated to advocating the understanding of issues pertaining to terrorism and contributing ideas for counter-terrorism policy. The Centre accomplishes this mainly by organising constructive capacity building and public awareness programmes, as well as enhancing information sharing through networking, research and publications. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated in any form or by any means without prior written permission from SEARCCT. ALL
STATEMENTS OF FACT AND EXPRESSIONS OF OPINION CONTAINED IN
THE PAPERS PUBLISHED IN YOUTH AND TERRORISM: A SELECTION OF
ARTICLES IS THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AUTHOR OR AUTHORS.
THE GOVERNMENT OF MALAYSIA ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY OF ANY
STATEMENTS OF FACT OR OPINION EXPRESSED IN THE PUBLISHED PAPERS.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD
Datin Paduka Rashidah Ramli
Director-General
Southeast Asia Regional Centre for Counter-Terrorism (SEARCCT)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia
i
ARTICLES
FROM VIRTUAL TO VIOLENT: PRELIMINARY
CONCEPTUAL EXPLORATIONS OF RELIGIOUS
RADICALISATION IN YOUTH
Kumar Ramakrishna
1
RADICALISATION IN PAKISTANI YOUTH
Muhammad Amir Rana
15
TERRORISM, MEDIA AND YOUTH
Ranga Kalansooriya
21
THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE PHILIPPINES AND YOUTH
RECRUITMENT: LOCAL DEVELOPMENT AND
TRANSNATIONAL CONNECTIONS
Amparo
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
DATIN PADUKA RASHIDAH RAMLI
MANAGING EDITOR
DATO’ HIDAYAT ABDUL HAMID
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
THOMAS KORUTH SAMUEL
AHMAD TAJUDDIN MOHD. SAID
MELVIN CHEAH CHEE AUN
SHARMINI ANN NATHAN
KENNIMROD SARIBURAJA
THANGAM K RAMNATH
PUBLISHER
Southeast Asia Regional Centre for CounterTerrorism (SEARCCT)
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, MALAYSIA
No. 516, Persiaran Mahameru
50480 Kuala Lumpur
MALAYSIA
Tel
Fax
Website
: (603) 2261 1900
: (603) 2274 9487
: info@searcct.gov.my
: www.searcct.gov.my
SEARCCT is dedicated to advocating the understanding of issues pertaining to terrorism and contributing ideas for counter-terrorism policy. The Centre accomplishes this mainly by organising constructive capacity building and public awareness programmes, as well as enhancing information sharing through networking, research and publications. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated in any form or by any means without prior written permission from SEARCCT. ALL
STATEMENTS OF FACT AND EXPRESSIONS OF OPINION CONTAINED IN
THE PAPERS PUBLISHED IN YOUTH AND TERRORISM: A SELECTION OF
ARTICLES IS THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AUTHOR OR AUTHORS.
THE GOVERNMENT OF MALAYSIA ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY OF ANY
STATEMENTS OF FACT OR OPINION EXPRESSED IN THE PUBLISHED PAPERS.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD
Datin Paduka Rashidah Ramli
Director-General
Southeast Asia Regional Centre for Counter-Terrorism (SEARCCT)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia
i
ARTICLES
FROM VIRTUAL TO VIOLENT: PRELIMINARY
CONCEPTUAL EXPLORATIONS OF RELIGIOUS
RADICALISATION IN YOUTH
Kumar Ramakrishna
1
RADICALISATION IN PAKISTANI YOUTH
Muhammad Amir Rana
15
TERRORISM, MEDIA AND YOUTH
Ranga Kalansooriya
21
THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE PHILIPPINES AND YOUTH
RECRUITMENT: LOCAL DEVELOPMENT AND
TRANSNATIONAL CONNECTIONS
Amparo
References: Ali, T. (2002). The Clash of Fundamentalisms: Crusades, Jihads and Modernity. Aly, Waleed. (2007). Perspectives: Liquid Terror: The Dynamics of Homegrown Radicalisation April 4, 2011. http://www.lowyinstitute.org/Program_WestAsiaasap. Bush, G. W. (2001). Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People Cohen, A. (2005, February 18). Extraordinary Rendition. CBSNews.com. Jeremy A. Y. (2008, March 24). Detained: JI member who trained with AlQaeda. The Straits Times. Lia, B. (2005). Globalization and the Future of Terrorism: Patterns and Predictions, Contemporary Security Studies Max, A. (2008). What Terrorists Really Want: Terrorist Motives and Counterterrorism Strategy Mitchell S. D. and Bhatt, A, (2007). Radicalization in the West: The Homegrown Threat Muhammad, B. A. (2008, February). Countering the threat of selfradicalization. The Straits Times. Posner, R. A. (2006). Counterterrorism: Strategy and Structure; An Ounce of Prevention Ramakrishna, K. (2010, July). Self-Radicalisation and the Awlaki Connection. Ryan, J. (2007). The Four P-Words of Militant Islamist Radicalization and Recruitment Secretary. (2001, September 20). Sinai, J. (2007). “New Trends in Terrorism Studies: Strengths and Weaknesses”, chapter in Magnus Ranstorp (ed.), Mapping Terrorism Research: State of Release. (2007, June). Further Detentions, Releases & Issuance of Restriction Orders under the Internal Security Act (ISA). Singh, B. (2007). The Talibanization of Southeast Asia: Losing the War on Terror to Islamist Extremists Vasu, N and Chin, Y. (2008, February). Self-Radicalisation and National Security: New Threat, New Response Weimann, G. (2006). New Terrorism, New Media. Terror on the Internet: The New Arena, the New Challenges White Paper, The Internet as a Terrorist Tool for Recruitment and Radicalization of Youth, (2009) Wu, A, (2008). “Self-Radicalized” Terrorist: An Analysis of the Motivations and Implications for Singapore’s Domestic Security Australia He has co-edited two well-received books on counter-terrorism, The New Terrorism: Anatomy, Trends and Counter-Strategies (2002) as well as After Bali: The Threat of Terrorism in Southeast Asia (2004). He has also written two books entitled Emergency Propaganda: The Winning of Malayan Hearts and Minds, 1948-1958 (2002) and Radical Pathways: Understanding Muslim Radicalisation in Indonesia (2009)