Preview

women in psychology

Satisfactory Essays
Open Document
Open Document
356 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
women in psychology
Women in Psychology.

Women have made many contributions to the advancement of psychology, many of which have gone without notice until recent times, and some of which still goes unidentified in the field of psychology. The mention of women in the early development of psychology usually refers to them as minor contributors to a field that at one time was predominantly dominated by men.

One of the pioneers in psychology today is Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930) who the first woman president of the American Psychological Association. She was the inventor of the paired-associate technique, and creator of a system of self-psychology.
Over the course of her career, Calkins wrote over a hundred professional papers of topics in psychology and philosophy. In addition to being the first woman president of the American Psychological Association, Calkins also served as president of the American Philosophical Association in 1918.
Calkins' major contribution to psychology was the development of a system of self-psychology (Furumoto, 1980).
Another figure in psychology is Anna Freud (1895 – 1982), Freud was the sixth and last child of Sigmund Freud and Martha Bernays. Born in Vienna, she followed the path of her father and contributed to the newly born field of psychoanalysis. She may be considered the founder of psychoanalytic child psychology.
Anna Freud created the field of child psychoanalysis and her work contributed greatly to our understanding of child psychology. She also developed different techniques to treat children. Freud noted that children’s symptoms differed from those of adults and were often related to developmental stages

Both Mary Whiton Calkins and Anna Freud are very important to mention in this essay because thanks to them we have a better understanding of psychology in nowadays.
It is possible that many women that provided theories and personal researchers about psychology were not recorded. When people read about the history of psychology,

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Better Essays

    In 1906 she gave a presidential speech called, A reconciliation between Structural and Functional Psychology. According to Goodwin (2008) in this speech she made the point that “both of these views could be accommodated within a system that recognized the self as the fundamental starting point.” Along with psychology Calkins also had a love for philosophy and this love brought about her most important work, The Persistent Problems of Philosophy (Goodwin 2008). In 1918 she made another “first” in female history becoming the first female president of the American Philosophical Association.…

    • 1173 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    What makes Inez a pioneer in psychology was the fact that she was the first female…

    • 1480 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    In the early twentieth century, the composition of psychologists was predominantly Caucasian males. Caucasian females at that time were more and more given the opportunity to attend college and teach within those colleges. However, those same women continued to encounter resistance to the opportunity for obtaining a degree in psychology. One such renowned female of that period was Mary Whiton Calkins (1863 – 1930). Calkins applied to study at Harvard University, but at the time, Harvard did not permit women admittance. Through letters, petitions, protest, and insistence by…

    • 1587 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    Goodwin, C. J. (2008). American Pioneers. A History of Modern Psychology (3rd ed.). Ch. 6, pg.…

    • 1444 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Mary Calkins

    • 1211 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Mary Whiton Calkins was the oldest of five children, born in Hartford, Connecticut on March 30, 1863. A Newton High School graduate, Miss Calkins went on to study at Smith College, earning two degrees, and later travelled overseas to Europe so she could study at Leipzig University. Upon her return to America, Calkins became a Greek tutor at Wellesley College. Calkins furthered her educational boundaries by studying at Harvard University, completing all courses available that would earn her a Ph.D.. However, in 1896 the school still refused to grant degrees such as that to women, so she never was titled a doctor, although many of her psychology tutors deemed her one of the most influential psychologists of her time. In 1890, six year before she “earned” her degree, she became a psychology instructor at Wellesley College and established a laboratory. It was the first psychology lab in any woman’s college of the time. In addition to these great successes, she was also the first female president of the American Philosophical Association, being elected in 1918. Mary Calkins retired in 1929 to Newton and passed away on February 26, 1930 of a serious illness. Her amazing studies in the field of psychology are not forgotten and are still studied today.…

    • 1211 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Psychodynamic Theorist

    • 1110 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Sigmund Freud became known as the founding father of psychoanalysis. Freud’s work and theories helped shape a person’s view of childhood, personality, memory, sexuality, and therapy. Freud did not believe that important psychoanalytic phenomena could be studied in any manner other than in therapy (Cervone & Pervin, 2010). After the death of his father, Freud had problems with depression and anxiety. He began to work on an activity that became fundamental to the development of psychoanalysis: this activity was self-analysis (Cervone & Pervin, 2010). He began to use hypnosis but learned not all patients could be hypnotized; he came up with the theory of free-association. His theory of free-association is still being used today.…

    • 1110 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Psychology’s most famous figure is also one of the most influential and controversial thinkers of the twentieth century.…

    • 632 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Rene Descartes, Sigmund Freud, William James, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, what do these names have in common? They are all pioneers who furthered psychology, and they are all names of men. So, were there any women who contributed to psychology? Of course, there were. Mary Whiton Calkins (the American Psychological Association’s first woman president), Mary Ainsworth (known for her research in relationships between mothers and infants), and Leta Hollingsworth (known for her study on gifted children) were all great women who contributed much to psychology. Among these female greats, one woman stands out – Karen Horney.…

    • 1442 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    The study of psychology contains a history. Unlike a general history course taught by a history teacher, the history of psychology is taught by a psychology teacher (Goodwin, 2008). Several philosophers are associated with the beginnings of psychology as a formal discipline. Multiple philosophers in the western tradition were primary contributors to the formation of psychology as a formal discipline. During the nineteenth century, in particular, many great developments in the science of psychology were founded. Several philosophers, including those of western tradition and the specific advancements of the nineteenth century are significant portions…

    • 804 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Women in Psychology Paper

    • 1521 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Anna Freud was born on December 3, 1985 to Sigmund and Martha Freud. She was said to have been very close to her father but did not have a great relationship with her mother or her siblings. Anna appeared to have an unhappy childhood, and was nurtured by the family’s nurse Josephine. At a young age Anna developed a rivalry with her sister Sophie and began competing for their father’s attention. Sophie was the more attractive child and Anna was the smart one. Sophie was said to be the “beauty” and Anna was the “brains”. Anna was known to be a troubled child. Her father often wrote about her, referring to her as being naughty. Anna wrote letters to her father as a child. She would let him know how bad thoughts had been going through her head. She was a bit overweight and may have suffered from depression at an early age.…

    • 1521 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Elizabeth Loftus

    • 1384 Words
    • 6 Pages

    When looking at the field of psychology, we will learn about males who have contributed to the growth of psychology. Some examples of men we study in beginners psychology are E.G Boring, Robert I. Watson and of course Sigmund Freud. There is little mention of females who have contributed to psychology. Why is it that females are not really mentioned in the history of psychology? Females have contributed to the growth of psychology just as men have. A woman that has spent her whole life trying to understand memory is Elizabeth Loftus. We will begin with a short biography and also touch on how she has helped psychology to grow.…

    • 1384 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    Mary Whiton Calkins

    • 1472 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Back in the late nineteenth century, women were thought to be intellectually inferior to men. Women studying psychology did not always get the same treatment or respect as their male counterparts. There was discrimination and a belief that education could harm women. One of the pioneers in psychology today is Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930) who was the fourteenth President of the American Psychological Association and the first woman president. She was the inventor of the paired-associate technique, and creator of a system of self-psychology (Furumoto, 1980).…

    • 1472 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    paper

    • 402 Words
    • 2 Pages

    In this paper I will be discussing a woman that has made a great impact on psychology the person I chose to write about is Anna Freud known as a women in and of psychology. Anna was the youngest daughter of the well known Sigmund Freud. Anne was a great follower of her fathers work she was very interested in the discoveries that her father made, however that was not good enough for her she wanted to make her own impact to explain her side of psychology during the courses I have learned that many people have formed their own opinion about psychology and they have determined their own interpretations. Anne had listened to different theories of other people and she decided to form her own theories and ideas about psychology.…

    • 402 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Belenky's Theory

    • 812 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Belenky gave women a voice in psychology. She was the first to point out that studies conducted in psychology usually had a male basis and were presented in a way that focused on the man. This came at an important time in history, when women were just beginning to have their own voice outside of the home or even inside of it. Her theory validated the idea that women are different than men. This carried on to other professional fields where women had previously been excluded sue to their sex.…

    • 812 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Sigmund Freud

    • 1647 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Freud was born May 6, 1856, in Freiberg, Moravia of the Austrian empire, where today it is known as the Czech Republic (Sigmund Freud, 2012, para. 1). His father was Jacob Freud, a Jewish merchant and former widow, and his mother was Amalia Nathanson, Jacob’s second wife. Sigmund was born the first of eight children with him being the favorite (Chiriac, n.d., para 4). His parents distinguished Sigmund with intellectual brilliance at a very young age, in which case they pursued to take any educational advantage they could find. At the age of four, the family moved to Vienna where Freud could receive a better education.…

    • 1647 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays