Why Did Some Communist States Successful Transition To Democracy While Others Are Stuck In The Post-Communist Countries Analysis
Name: Marzia Sediqi
ID: 6702
Professor: Ajar Chekirova
Course: Intro to Comparative Politics
Assignment: Research Paper
Title: Why did some post-communist states successfully transition to democracy while others are “stuck” in the “grey zone” (competitive authoritarianism)? Compare two different post-communist states (democracy vs. competitive authoritarianism) in support of your argument.
University: American University of Central Asia One of the reasons of the soviet countries that joined to the democratization wave is the failure of communism. In this wave some of the countries could successfully have transition to democracy, but some of them could not. Each of the communist countries had their specific procedures in terms of …show more content…
After passing its forty years as a communist country, it switched to democracy. Unlike its neighbors, in the 1970s a period of social quiet and uncertain gladness was experienced in the Hungary which caused to be known as “Goulash Communism.” In the late 1980s the market of economy in the Hungary was near to ruin, with the amount of $20 billion. This caused the Hungary to start its market economy so early. At the result of this early opening the microeconomic groundwork was positioned for competitiveness, and also mobilized most of the Hungarian population to have the demand of transformation to democracy. The reform communist elites introduced the democratic transition that fundamentally changes the political system and its constitution. They came up with the arrangement to have free elections in 1990 and the essential constitutional changes. So, in Hungary the practice of changing the organizations to democracy was largely put in practice by old rule elites. In addition, Democratic transformation caused to restructure the economic system, state run companies were privatized, and foreign trade were liberalized. Furthermore, at the same time in Hungary they reformed industrial relations, stabilised unions as membership organizations, trade associations, and interest groups in order to have active participation in the processes of the creation …show more content…
Anarchy was the primary threat to Turkmenistan during transition. The dark shadow of Islamic fundamentalism was one of the significant reasons of chaos inside the Turkmenistan. The reasons why Turkmenistan could not have successful transformation toward democracy were pointed to the domestic war (ethnic or tribal conflict), and the collapse of its economy. Turkmenistan was a multi ethnic state. In 1989, in Turkmenistan 72 percent of population were Turkmen people, 9 percent of its population were Russian people, 9 percent of its population were from Uzbek people, and 2.5 percent of its population were from Kazakh people, and 7.5 percent of its population were over 100 different other nationalities.******( citation). In addition, the people who were from other nationalities were a vital element of Turkmenistan’s economical industry. “Ethnic solidarity was called for to stem the threat of minority out-migration that would result in the collapse of the economy threat of ethnic tensions could also allow aggressive neighbors to provoke conflicts such as the Nagorno-Karabakh territorial dispute.” (********). Moreover, another danger to steadiness could be the domestic tribal conflict. There were three main tribes in Turkmenistan such as; Tekke, Yomuts and Ersary. The conflict among these three tribes limited the opportunities for people in the both social and economic situations.
ID: 6702
Professor: Ajar Chekirova
Course: Intro to Comparative Politics
Assignment: Research Paper
Title: Why did some post-communist states successfully transition to democracy while others are “stuck” in the “grey zone” (competitive authoritarianism)? Compare two different post-communist states (democracy vs. competitive authoritarianism) in support of your argument.
University: American University of Central Asia One of the reasons of the soviet countries that joined to the democratization wave is the failure of communism. In this wave some of the countries could successfully have transition to democracy, but some of them could not. Each of the communist countries had their specific procedures in terms of …show more content…
After passing its forty years as a communist country, it switched to democracy. Unlike its neighbors, in the 1970s a period of social quiet and uncertain gladness was experienced in the Hungary which caused to be known as “Goulash Communism.” In the late 1980s the market of economy in the Hungary was near to ruin, with the amount of $20 billion. This caused the Hungary to start its market economy so early. At the result of this early opening the microeconomic groundwork was positioned for competitiveness, and also mobilized most of the Hungarian population to have the demand of transformation to democracy. The reform communist elites introduced the democratic transition that fundamentally changes the political system and its constitution. They came up with the arrangement to have free elections in 1990 and the essential constitutional changes. So, in Hungary the practice of changing the organizations to democracy was largely put in practice by old rule elites. In addition, Democratic transformation caused to restructure the economic system, state run companies were privatized, and foreign trade were liberalized. Furthermore, at the same time in Hungary they reformed industrial relations, stabilised unions as membership organizations, trade associations, and interest groups in order to have active participation in the processes of the creation …show more content…
Anarchy was the primary threat to Turkmenistan during transition. The dark shadow of Islamic fundamentalism was one of the significant reasons of chaos inside the Turkmenistan. The reasons why Turkmenistan could not have successful transformation toward democracy were pointed to the domestic war (ethnic or tribal conflict), and the collapse of its economy. Turkmenistan was a multi ethnic state. In 1989, in Turkmenistan 72 percent of population were Turkmen people, 9 percent of its population were Russian people, 9 percent of its population were from Uzbek people, and 2.5 percent of its population were from Kazakh people, and 7.5 percent of its population were over 100 different other nationalities.******( citation). In addition, the people who were from other nationalities were a vital element of Turkmenistan’s economical industry. “Ethnic solidarity was called for to stem the threat of minority out-migration that would result in the collapse of the economy threat of ethnic tensions could also allow aggressive neighbors to provoke conflicts such as the Nagorno-Karabakh territorial dispute.” (********). Moreover, another danger to steadiness could be the domestic tribal conflict. There were three main tribes in Turkmenistan such as; Tekke, Yomuts and Ersary. The conflict among these three tribes limited the opportunities for people in the both social and economic situations.