What Makes Some People Help and Others Stand by?
What makes some people help and others stand by?
A lot of social psychological research focuses on anti-social behaviour. This essay will look at the other side of the coin and focus on pro-social behaviour, specifically helping behaviour and altruism. It will look at what causes people to help or not help and the phenomenon of altruism, the act of helping other for no discernable reward.
The two psychologists who have researched this area most are Bibb Latané and John Darley. They came together whilst discussing the case of Kitty Genovese, which is outlined below:
"At approximately 3:20 on the morning of March 13, 1964, twenty-eight-year-old Ms Catherine (Kitty) Genovese was returning to her home from her job as a bar manager. She parked her red Fiat in a nearby parking lot, turned-off the lights and started the walk to her second floor apartment 35 yards away. She got as far as a streetlight when a man grabbed her. She screamed. Lights went on in the 10-floor apartment building nearby. She yelled, "Oh, my God, he stabbed me! Please help me!" Windows opened in the apartment building and a man 's voice shouted, "Let that girl alone." The attacker looked up, shrugged and walked-off down the street. Ms Genovese struggled to get to her feet. Lights went back off in the apartments. The attacker came back and stabbed her again. She again cried out, "I 'm dying! I 'm dying!" And again the lights came on and windows opened in many of the nearby apartments. The assailant again left and got into his car and drove away. Ms Genovese staggered to her feet as a city bus drove by. It was now 3:35 a.m. The attacker returned once again. He found her in a doorway at the foot of the stairs and he stabbed her a third time, this time with a fatal consequence. It was 3:50 when the police received the first call. They responded quickly and within two minutes were at the scene. Ms Genovese was already dead. "
(From Crimelibrary.com)
After a police investigation it was
A lot of social psychological research focuses on anti-social behaviour. This essay will look at the other side of the coin and focus on pro-social behaviour, specifically helping behaviour and altruism. It will look at what causes people to help or not help and the phenomenon of altruism, the act of helping other for no discernable reward.
The two psychologists who have researched this area most are Bibb Latané and John Darley. They came together whilst discussing the case of Kitty Genovese, which is outlined below:
"At approximately 3:20 on the morning of March 13, 1964, twenty-eight-year-old Ms Catherine (Kitty) Genovese was returning to her home from her job as a bar manager. She parked her red Fiat in a nearby parking lot, turned-off the lights and started the walk to her second floor apartment 35 yards away. She got as far as a streetlight when a man grabbed her. She screamed. Lights went on in the 10-floor apartment building nearby. She yelled, "Oh, my God, he stabbed me! Please help me!" Windows opened in the apartment building and a man 's voice shouted, "Let that girl alone." The attacker looked up, shrugged and walked-off down the street. Ms Genovese struggled to get to her feet. Lights went back off in the apartments. The attacker came back and stabbed her again. She again cried out, "I 'm dying! I 'm dying!" And again the lights came on and windows opened in many of the nearby apartments. The assailant again left and got into his car and drove away. Ms Genovese staggered to her feet as a city bus drove by. It was now 3:35 a.m. The attacker returned once again. He found her in a doorway at the foot of the stairs and he stabbed her a third time, this time with a fatal consequence. It was 3:50 when the police received the first call. They responded quickly and within two minutes were at the scene. Ms Genovese was already dead. "
(From Crimelibrary.com)
After a police investigation it was
References: Batson, C. D. (1991) The Altruism Question: Towards a social-psychological answer, Erlbaum Associates. New York. Batson C.D. (2000) Altruism: Why do we help others? Psychology review, vol 7, No. 1 2-5. Baumeister, R. F., Chester, S. P., Sanders, P. S. & Tice, D. M. (1988) Who 's in charge here? Group leaders do lend help in emergencies. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 8, 286-292 Bierhoff, H Carlson, M., Charlin, V., & Miller, N. (1988). Positive mood and helping behavior: A test of six hypotheses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 211-229 Darley, J Darley, J. M. & Latane, B. (1968) Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 8, 377-383 Gado, M Latane, B. & Darley, J. M. (1968) Group inhibition of bystander intervention in emergencies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 10, 215-221 Shotland, R Wilson, J. P. & Petruska, R. (1984) Motivation, Model attributes and pro social behaviour. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 46, 458-468