b. Muslim civilization has fallen low.
2. Questions related to why and how the Muslim civilization collapsed. Theories given from a western world point of view and an outlook for a future for Muslim civilization.
3.b. The Causes of the fall of Muslim Civilization.
3.c. For a long time the mongols were the favorite villains, Lewis rejects this theory.
The rise of nationalism, Lewis rejects this theory.
Western imperialisim, Lewis rejects this theory.
Antisemitism, Lewis rejects this theory.
Western upsurge – discoveries, scientific, technological, industrial and political revolutions – Lewis accepts this theory.
Muslim religion – Lewis accepts this theory.
4. A sophisticated