Ormrod, J. E. (1999). Social learning theory- human learning. (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River,, NJ: Prentice-Hall.…
In 1954, the United States Supreme Court ruled that public schools operating under the legal concept of “Separate but Equal” were operating unconstitutionally. In the fifty years since that ruling special population groups that should have benefited from that ruling still experience pubic schools that are widely inefficient and ineffective. The school organizations who typically experience the problems associated with the poor implementation of the Brown Decision are urban public schools. Often when schools districts initiate reform, this systematic change takes the form of funding and program sponsorship to elementary level learners, however when students reach secondary they still face challenges associated with poor funding and program sponsorship. My central research questions is; what would happen if we viewed secondary education (grades 6-12) as a separate entity deserving of its own program and funding considerations.…
Individual learning is dependent on one’s experience by interacting with the various environment or knowledges of schooling. It is the capacity to build knowledge through individual reflection rather than just imitate an act from others. Blackmore discusses she is afraid of the ideas of imitation that may become a fear because “memes spread themselves around indiscriminately without regad to whether they are useful, neutral, or positively harmful to us” (37). Memes are selfish because they pressures people to fit in and recycle the same idea again and again. Formal education promotes the learners to develop and construct knowlegdges by understanding the previously information and assimilating with the new ones. It seems people imitate naturally because they create the new invention based on the previously observed. In fact, individual learning requires people to practice their own learning model and contribute to groups rather than just collaborate with them. People are allowed to have free talks and encouraged to question observed knowledges. Critical thinking helps people to explore and develop further knowleges of different fields by using the “shortcuts” that has been provided by precious thoughts and theories rather than just imitating…
“All formal educational institutions in modern society were initially established exclusively for the education of children and youth”. (ASTD Pg253) The basic model of learning at that time was pedagogy, which focuses on how to teach children. As pedagogy evolved over time and was further studied by psychologist they discovered that teachers could control learner’s reactions,…
I shall also look at current legislation and recent reports regarding education including: The Cambridge Primary Review (2009) and The Rose Review (2009) to examine how the government look to support and develop learning. I will look to debate the ideas of three major theorists - Jean Piaget (1932), Lev Vygotsky (1978) and Abraham Maslow (1943), to describe the practice that I have observed in School A.…
Bruner suggests that constructivist learning is based on discovery. Constructivist learning encourages the learner to makes connections between ideas, and relate them to existing knowledge. The constructivist classroom should provide children with opportunities that challenge them. Children should be encouraged to seek solutions to problems independently or as a group. From this they should be able to evaluate their solutions. This inter connects with the dimension of constructivist learning, described as problem based. Here the learner solves practical problems and gains new knowledge. Vygotsky’s constructivism is known as, ‘Social Constructivism’, which suggests learning and knowledge developed in social groups or…
I will be applying Lister and Crisp (2007) framework to this account of practice to help me reflect on a Critical Incident that happened in practice. My team leader asked me if it would be possible to try to get an old ‘customer’ to engage with me. My team leader told me the referral had come from her Social Worker who works for Leaving Care. They had asked our housing agency to become involved again due to her being at risk of homelessness. The statutory guidance and legislation that applies to this Young girl who is classed as a ‘Care Leaver’ are the Children's Act 1989.…
Lev Vygotsky[2] is best known for being an educational psychologist with a sociocultural theory which suggest that there is an interdependence between the social and individual procedures in learning.[3] In other words social interaction leads to continuous step-by-step changes in the thoughts of children and their behaviour that can vary from culture to culture. Some learners may…
Bandura’s (1977) social learning theory is suggested to be one of the most influential theories of learning and development. Although the theory is rooted with various basic concepts of traditional learning, Bandura (1977) believed direct reinforcement could not account for different levels of learning. The social element to this theory emphasises that individuals are able to learn new information and behaviours by observing credible and knowledgeable people, known as observational learning. This type of learning explains a range of behaviours and suggests when behaviours…
Social learning theory posits that knowledge acquisition is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction, even in the absence of motor reproduction or direct reinforcement. In addition to the observation of behaviour, learning also occurs through the observation of rewards and punishments, a process known as of vicarious reinforcement.…
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.…
Vygotsky – Sociocultural Theory - Stresses the fundamental role of social interaction in the development of cognition. He believed strongly that community (interaction with others) plays a central role in the process of understanding and developing intellectual skills. Using language and communication children learn to think about their world and modify their actions accordingly.…
A professional biography is a clear and brief story of one`s career, training, career accomplishments, goals/expectations, plans and development (Wheatman,2012). It highlights one`s personal and professional attributes and sets one apart.…
• Exposure to coaching encourages the coachee to adopt this approach when they themselves are working with others – this in turn helps build a coaching culture within our organisation…
Social learning theory as proposed by Albert Bandura argued that people learn through observation, imitation and modelling. He proposed that the internal mental processes play important role in learning. He opposed behaviourism that learning must incur change in behaviour whereby he argued that learning does not necessary lead to behavioural change. These three main ideas of Bandura have great impact on the education field nowadays. In order for imitation, observation and modelling to happen, there must be two or more people involved. For example, children imitate family members, their peers and the teacher. This participation leads to interaction in which each individual responses to cues or stimuli according to a particular context. It is a dynamic process as participants need to constantly adopt and adapt own knowledge to response in the particular learning context. Mental…