Water Supply Engineering
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Water Quality/Examination/Analysis/Characterization: Qualitative/Quantitative
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Why analysis of water ?
Raw water quality ? Need of purification ? Response to purification ? Changes during distribution ? Depending on wanted information–fix test/group of tests
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Examination of water: Tests measuring/reflecting/related to-
1. Safety and wholesomeness e.g. contamination (MPN), toxics (As), beneficial amounts (F), pollutants (N, Cl, P), laxative properties (Mg, SO4) 2. Palatability/aesthetic acceptability e.g. temp.,turbidity, colour, taste, odour 3. Economic usefulness e.g. soap consumption 4. Water treatment processes e.g. coagulation, chlorination etc. 5. Functional tests e.g. optimum alum dose of 89 10
WHO, USEPA, EU, AWWA
Physical Chemical Biological of 89 11
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5 µm .03 µm 10 µm
Micro Ultra Nano RO
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Typhoid fever cases per 100000 89 population from 1890-1935, Philadelphia. of 21
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TDS
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-Longer the useful life -Greater the difficulty of extensions -Smaller the rate of growth -Lower the rate of interest, and -Better the early performance Farther into the future, designs can be projected
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FACTORS AFFECTING RATE OF WATER DEMAND:
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VARIATIONS IN RATE OF DEMAND:
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EFFECTS OF VARIATIONS IN DEMAND ON DESIGN CAPACITIES OF DIFFERENT COMPONENTS
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Water Quality/Examination/Analysis/Characterization: Qualitative/Quantitative
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Why analysis of water ?
Raw water quality ? Need of purification ? Response to purification ? Changes during distribution ? Depending on wanted information–fix test/group of tests
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9
Examination of water: Tests measuring/reflecting/related to-
1. Safety and wholesomeness e.g. contamination (MPN), toxics (As), beneficial amounts (F), pollutants (N, Cl, P), laxative properties (Mg, SO4) 2. Palatability/aesthetic acceptability e.g. temp.,turbidity, colour, taste, odour 3. Economic usefulness e.g. soap consumption 4. Water treatment processes e.g. coagulation, chlorination etc. 5. Functional tests e.g. optimum alum dose of 89 10
WHO, USEPA, EU, AWWA
Physical Chemical Biological of 89 11
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13
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5 µm .03 µm 10 µm
Micro Ultra Nano RO
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Typhoid fever cases per 100000 89 population from 1890-1935, Philadelphia. of 21
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22
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25
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26
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27
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28
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TDS
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30
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31
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32
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33
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34
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-Longer the useful life -Greater the difficulty of extensions -Smaller the rate of growth -Lower the rate of interest, and -Better the early performance Farther into the future, designs can be projected
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36
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37
of 89
38
of 89
39
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40
FACTORS AFFECTING RATE OF WATER DEMAND:
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42
VARIATIONS IN RATE OF DEMAND:
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43
EFFECTS OF VARIATIONS IN DEMAND ON DESIGN CAPACITIES OF DIFFERENT COMPONENTS
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