Two Phase Flow
Interim report
Contents
1. Abstract page 2 2. Introduction page 2 3. How the Process Currently Works page 3 4. Two Phase Flow page 4- 6 5. Flow Patterns page 7- 8 6. Interfacial Mass and Energy Exchange page 9 7. Two Phase Flow in Horizontal Pipes page 10 8. Pressure Drop page 11 9. Future Work page 11 10. Timetable page 12 11. References page 13
1. Abstract
The petro-chemical industry employs a wide range of engineers from many different disciplines to design, problem solve, test, simulate and build, among other tasks, to bring many petroleum/oil based and other chemically manufactured products and to the customers who require or desire them. One of the many problems engineers face in this process is the transport of materials in either a liquid or vapour/gas state. The most common and widely used means of transporting substances in these states is through pipes. Whether be pipes that serve households and business with gas and water to a pipe that acts as an outlet for steam release from a boiler piping is an important transport tool in the modern world, none more so than in the petro-chemical industry. The later of the previous examples will be the focus of this project, examining whether or not conservative estimates in the calculations involved are appropriate or whether through more intense and complicated calculations, the expanded data could be of beneficial use to the petro-chemical industry.
2. Introduction
When calculating allowable stresses in piping systems, very conservative values are applied in the simulation testing stage currently within the petro-chemical industry. These values are applied as forces to each bend in a system in simulation to test whether or not the forces will exceed the allowable level. Essentially the force entering the system is the same force applied to each bend, or node,
Contents
1. Abstract page 2 2. Introduction page 2 3. How the Process Currently Works page 3 4. Two Phase Flow page 4- 6 5. Flow Patterns page 7- 8 6. Interfacial Mass and Energy Exchange page 9 7. Two Phase Flow in Horizontal Pipes page 10 8. Pressure Drop page 11 9. Future Work page 11 10. Timetable page 12 11. References page 13
1. Abstract
The petro-chemical industry employs a wide range of engineers from many different disciplines to design, problem solve, test, simulate and build, among other tasks, to bring many petroleum/oil based and other chemically manufactured products and to the customers who require or desire them. One of the many problems engineers face in this process is the transport of materials in either a liquid or vapour/gas state. The most common and widely used means of transporting substances in these states is through pipes. Whether be pipes that serve households and business with gas and water to a pipe that acts as an outlet for steam release from a boiler piping is an important transport tool in the modern world, none more so than in the petro-chemical industry. The later of the previous examples will be the focus of this project, examining whether or not conservative estimates in the calculations involved are appropriate or whether through more intense and complicated calculations, the expanded data could be of beneficial use to the petro-chemical industry.
2. Introduction
When calculating allowable stresses in piping systems, very conservative values are applied in the simulation testing stage currently within the petro-chemical industry. These values are applied as forces to each bend in a system in simulation to test whether or not the forces will exceed the allowable level. Essentially the force entering the system is the same force applied to each bend, or node,