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Tp Rapport - Combinaison de Forces

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Tp Rapport - Combinaison de Forces
Combinaisons de forces

But :
Le but de la première expérience est, tout d’abord, de mesurer les différentes forces qui agissent sur un objet au repos et de déterminer comment elles se combinent. Puis, de vérifier si la somme vectorielle de trois forces sur un anneau est nulle (grâce en partie à un dessin représentant ces forces) lorsque celui-ci est au repos. En d’autres mots, le but est de savoir si la somme de ces trois forces est égale à zéro ; donc nulle.
Dans la deuxième expérience, le but est de mesurer les différentes forces agissant sur un objet au repos grâce à un instrument (le dynamomètre) en fonction de l’angle auquel est incliné le plan sur lequel l’objet est posé. Puis, on calculera la force combinée et on fera un graphique sur lequel on représentera les différentes forces agissant sur l’objet (en incluant la force combinée) en fonction de l’inclinaison du plan.

Théorie :
La définition d’une force est, en physique, l’interaction entre deux objets ou systèmes, une action mécanique capable d’imposer une accélération (c’est-à-dire un changement de vitesse). Une force est donc «quelque chose» qui peut changer «l’état de mouvement» d’un corps ; augmenter ou diminuer sa vitesse ou encore le faire changer de direction. On peut additionner ou soustraire deux ou plusieurs forces mais on ne peut ni les diviser, ni les élever à une puissance, ni en prendre la racine, ni les multiplier (toutefois, on peut multiplier une force par un scalaire, donnant un nouveau vecteur qui a la même direction que le vecteur de départ). Les forces s’exercent toujours entre deux objets ou deux systèmes et s’expriment en Newton. C’est ainsi que le poids est une force, en Newton, exercée entre l’homme et la Terre. Une force a nécessairement un sens, une direction, une intensité et un point d’application. Puis, les forces existent toujours par paires et non isolément ; comme il est écrit dans la troisième loi de Newton ou «le principe des actions réciproques». Lorsqu’on dit

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