To Study the Filterability and Quality of Raw Sugar for Refining
To Study the Filterability and Quality of Raw sugar for Refining
ABSTRACT This study was particularly designed to evaluate the quality parameters of raw sugar which ultimately affect the filterability of raw sugar. It is a cane sugar which has been minimally processed and product of the first stage of cane sugar refining process which has some very distinctive characteristics. Filterability of raw sugars is one of the primary sugar quality parameters. To the refiner, the filterability of raw melt is important as it directly influences factory throughout. The physico-chemical characteristics of sugar including moisture, polarization, reducing sugar, ash contents, color constituents, microbial examination (Total colony count and yeast) and sensory evaluation such as appearance, odour and texture were determined. The results obtained from physico-chemical analysis showed that these parameters were affected significantly among the samples of raw sugars. The microbial analysis showed that the total colony count and the yeast were also affected significantly among the samples while in sensory evaluation appearance was affected significantly whereas texture and odour were affected non-significantly among the samples of the raw sugars. It can be concluded from the results that sample four was observed to have a good quality while sample six had the opposite result to that of sample four and was considered to have a very low quality.
Keywords: Raw Sugar Refinery, Operational Concept and Quality Perspectives
Name: Zia-ud-Din
Regd. No: 2006-ag-1861
National Institute of Food Science and Technology
University of Agriculture
Faisalabad
SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE
Chairman Dr. Ghulam Rasool
Member Dr. M. Atif Randhawa
Member Dr. Muhammad Sharif
INTRODUCTION
Raw sugar is an intermediate product of refining and affination process of sugar manufacturing that consists of pale yellow to brown sugar crystals
ABSTRACT This study was particularly designed to evaluate the quality parameters of raw sugar which ultimately affect the filterability of raw sugar. It is a cane sugar which has been minimally processed and product of the first stage of cane sugar refining process which has some very distinctive characteristics. Filterability of raw sugars is one of the primary sugar quality parameters. To the refiner, the filterability of raw melt is important as it directly influences factory throughout. The physico-chemical characteristics of sugar including moisture, polarization, reducing sugar, ash contents, color constituents, microbial examination (Total colony count and yeast) and sensory evaluation such as appearance, odour and texture were determined. The results obtained from physico-chemical analysis showed that these parameters were affected significantly among the samples of raw sugars. The microbial analysis showed that the total colony count and the yeast were also affected significantly among the samples while in sensory evaluation appearance was affected significantly whereas texture and odour were affected non-significantly among the samples of the raw sugars. It can be concluded from the results that sample four was observed to have a good quality while sample six had the opposite result to that of sample four and was considered to have a very low quality.
Keywords: Raw Sugar Refinery, Operational Concept and Quality Perspectives
Name: Zia-ud-Din
Regd. No: 2006-ag-1861
National Institute of Food Science and Technology
University of Agriculture
Faisalabad
SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE
Chairman Dr. Ghulam Rasool
Member Dr. M. Atif Randhawa
Member Dr. Muhammad Sharif
INTRODUCTION
Raw sugar is an intermediate product of refining and affination process of sugar manufacturing that consists of pale yellow to brown sugar crystals
References: Agudo, J.A.G., M.T.G. Cubero, G.G. Benito and M.P. Miranda. 2002. Removal of coloured compounds from sugar solution by adsorption on to anionic resins equilibrium and kinetic study. Sep. Purfi. Technol., 29(3): 199-205. Ali., F.G., A.A. Chattha and M.A. Iqbal. 2001. Some fundamental causes of low sugar recovery and vital approach for its improvement. Pak Sugarcane J. 16(6):56-61. Argaw, G.A., M.J. Alport and S.B. Malivga. 2006. Automatic measurement of crystal size distribution using image processing. Proc. South African Sug. Technol. Assoc., 80: 399-411. Beucher, S. 1992. The watershed transformation applied to image segmentation. Scanning Microscopy Supplement, 6:229-314. Chauhan, M.K., Varun, S. Chaudhary, S. Kumar and samar. 2011. Life cycle assessment of sugar industry review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 15 (7): 3445-3453. Chen, J.C.P., Chou and C. Chi. 1993. Cane sugar handbook a manual for cane sugar manufacturer and chemists. John willey and Sons, Inc. New york, Chichester, Brisbane, torantto, Singapore, 401-403. Dalziel, S.M., Tan S.Y., white E.T. and F.T. Broad. 1999. An image analysis system for sugar crystal sizing. Proc. Aust. Sug. Technol., 21: 366-372. GOP. 2009-2010. Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Govt. of Pakistan, Islamabad. Gyura, J., Z. Sere, G. Vatai and E.B. Molnar. 2007. Separation of non-sucrose compounds from the syrup of sugar beet processing by ultra and nano-filtration using polymer membranes. Desalination, 148(1-3): 49-56. ICUMSA methods (2007). International commission for uniform methods of sugar analysis. 234-241. Javaid, G.S., M.B. Bhatti, K. Rashid and M. Khalid. 2011. To introduce the Raw Sugar Refinery, its operational concept and quality prespective in Pakistan. Life Sci. Int. J., 5(1): 2053-2062. Jennings, R.P. 1967. Further improvements in Raw Sugar Quality. Proc. Qld Soc. Sug. Cane Technol. 41: 62-64. Steel, R., J. Torrie and D. Dickey. 1997. Principles and procedures of statistics. A biometrical approach. 3rd ed. McGraw Hill Book Co. New York, USA. Velmurugan, R. and K. Muthukumar. 2012. Ultrasonic assisted alakaline pretreatments of sugarcane bagasse for fermentable sugar production: optimization through response surface methodology. Bio-resource Technol., 112(12): 293-299. Vucurovic, V.M. and R.N. Razmovski. 2012. Sugar beet pulp as a support for Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilization in bioethanol production. Ind. Crops Prod., 39(12): 128-134.