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To Kill a Mockingbirdby Harper Leecharacter Analysisatticus Finch

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To Kill a Mockingbirdby Harper Leecharacter Analysisatticus Finch
To Kill a MockingbirdBy Harper LeeCharacter AnalysisAtticus Finch
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Atticus represents morality and reason in To Kill a Mockingbird. As a character, Atticus is even-handed throughout the story. He is one of the very few characters who never has to rethink his position on an issue.
His parenting style is quite unique in that he treats his children as adults, honestly answering anyquestion they have. He uses all these instances as an opportunity to pass his values on to Scout and Jem. Scout says that "'Do you really think so?' . . . was Atticus's dangerous question" because he delighted in helping people see a situation in a new light. Atticus uses this approach not only with his children, but with all of Maycomb. And yet, for all of his mature treatment of Jem and Scout, he patiently recognizes that they are children and that they will make childish mistakes and assumptions. Ironically, Atticus's one insecurity seems to be in the child-rearing department, and he often defends his ideas about raising children to those more experienced and more traditional.
His stern but fair attitude toward Jem and Scout reaches into the courtroom as well. He politely proves that Bob Ewell is a liar; he respectfully questions Mayella about her role in Tom's crisis. One of the things that his longtime friend Miss Maudie admires about him is that "'Atticus Finch is the same in his house as he is on the public streets.'" The only time he seriously lectures his children is on the evils of taking advantage of those less fortunate or less educated, a philosophy he carries into the animal world by his refusal to hunt. And although most of the town readily pins the label "trash" on other people, Atticus reserves that distinction for those people who unfairly exploit others.
Atticus believes in justice and the justice system. He doesn't like criminal law, yet he accepts the appointment to Tom Robinson's case. He knows before he begins that he's going to lose this case, but that doesn't stop him from giving Tom the strongest defense he possibly can. And, importantly, Atticus doesn't put so much effort into Tom's case because he's an African American, but because he is innocent. Atticus feels that the justice system should be color blind, and he defends Tom as an innocent man, not a man of color.
Atticus is the adult character least infected by prejudice in the novel. He has no problem with his children attending Calpurnia's church, or with a black woman essentially raising his children. He admonishes Scout not to use racial slurs, and is careful to always use the terms acceptable for his time and culture. He goes to Helen's home to tell her of Tom's death, which means a white man spending time in the black community. Other men in town would've sent a messenger and left it at that. His lack of prejudice doesn't apply only to other races, however. He is unaffected by Mrs. Dubose's caustic tongue, Miss Stephanie Crawford's catty gossip, and even Walter Cunningham's thinly veiled threat on his life. He doesn't retaliate when Bob Ewell spits in his face because he understands that he has wounded Ewell's pride — the only real possession this man has. Atticus accepts these people because he is an expert at "climb[ing] into [other people's] skin and walk[ing] around in it."
Харпе Лі "ВБИТИ ПЕРЕСМІШНИКА" (TRANSLATE)
Атікус якраз дійшов до середини промови. У нього на столі лежали якісь папери – напевно, він їх дістав зі свого портфеля, який стояв на полу біля стільця. Том Робінзон байдуже перебирав папери.
- …за відсутності будь-яких доказів цей чоловік звинувачений у злочині і його життя знаходиться під загрозою…
Я штовхнула Джима у бік.
- Давно він вже говорить? Ну коли ми підемо додому?
- Він тільки закінчив з доказами, - прошепотів Джим. І ми знову почали уважно дивитись у залу. Аті кус говорив спокійно, так він зазвичай диктував листи. Він не поспішаючи проходжав перед лавою присяжних, і вони слухали його уважно: їх голови були високо підняті, вони всі на нього дивились – і, по-моєму, схвально. Напевно вони виявляли свою повагу через те, що він не був громовержцем.
Аті кус раптово обірвав свою промову і повів себе на хвилину якісь дуже дивно. Він поклав на стіл свій кишеньковий годинник і сказав:
- З вашого дозволу, Ваша честь…
Суддя Тейлор схвально кивнув головою, і потім Аті кус зробив те, чого він ніколи не робив ні раніше, ні після, ні на людях, ні вдома: розстібнув жилетку, розстібнув комір, послабив краватку і зняв піджак. Вдома він завжди ходив застібнутий, аж доки не йшов спати, і зараз для нас з Джимом він був все одно що голим. Ми зніяковіло переглянулись.
Аті кус засунув руки в кишені і пішов до присяжних. На світлі блиснули золота запонка та ковпачки ручки і олівця.
- Джентльмени, - продовжував він. І ми з Джимом знову переглянулись: так він вдома говорив – Глазастік.
Тепер голос у нього був уже не сухий і спокійний, він говорив з присяжними, ніби знайомих на вулиці біля пошти.
Джентльмени, - продовжував він, - я буду говорити коротко, але я б хотів використати час, що залишився, об ще раз нагадати вам, що це не складна справа, вам не потрібно аж до самої глибини розбирати заплутані обставини, вам потрібно лише з’ясувати для себе, чи дійсно підсудний винний, усвідомити настільки, щоб не залишилось і тіні сумніву. Потрібно розпочати з того, що справи цієї взагалі не слід було розглядати у суді. Справа ця проста і ясна, як білий день.
Звинувачення не надавало ніяких медичних доказів того, що злочин , в якому звинувачують Тома Робінзона, взагалі був. Звинувачення спирається лише на двох свідків, а їх свідчення викликають серйозні сумніви, як вияснилось під час перехресного допиту, більш того, підсудний впевнено їх заперечує. Підсудний не винний, але у цій залі присутній той, хто дійсно винний. Я глибоко співчуваю головному свідку звинувачення, але яким би глибоким не було моє співчуття, все ж воно має межі – я не можу виправдовувати свідка, коли вона намагається перенести свою провину на іншого, знай учи при цьому, що це буде коштувати йому життя.
Я говорю «винна», джентльмени, тому що свідок дійсно винний. Вона не скоїла злочину, вона просто порушила суворий, освячений часом закон нашого суспільства, закон не стільки непохитний та незламний, що кожного, хто його порушить, виганяють із нашого середовища, як недостойного. Вона жертва браку уваги, але я не можу її жаліти: вона біла. Вона чудово знала, як ганебним є її вчинок, але бажання для неї виявилось сильнішим за закон – і, уже на маючи іншого виходу і соромлячись вже відступити, вона порушила закон. Вона пішла на компроміс зі своєю совістю, а потім повела себе так, як хоча б раз поводив себе кожний. Вона зробила те, що роблять тільки діти – намагалась позбавитись доказу. Але ж перед нами не дитина, яка ховає вкрадені солодощі: вона нанесла своїй жертві нищівного удару – їй потрібно було позбавитись того, хто знав правду. Він не повинен потрапляти їй на очі, він взагалі не повинен існувати. Вона повинна знищити доказ.
І що ж це за доказ такий? Том Робінзон – людина. Вона повинна його позбутися. Він вже самим своїм існуванням нагадує їй про те, що вона скоїла. Ви мене спитаєте, що вона зробила? Вона хотіла звабити афроамериканця. Вана, біла, хотіла звабити чорного. Вона скоїла злочин, який є нечуваним у нашому суспільстві: вона поцілувала афроамериканця. І не як літню людину, вона поцілувала молодого, сповненого сил чоловіка. Норми поведінки для неї не мали значення, але як тільки вона їх порушила, вони зіграли з нею злий жарт.
Її батько бачив це. Що вона відповіла йому на це, ми вже знаємо зі свідчень підсудного. Що ж зробив її батько? Ми не знаємо, але існують деякі докази, які вказують на те, що Мейєла Евел був кимось жорстоко побитий, хто бив лівою рукою. Частково ми знаємо, що зробив містер Евел: він вчинив так, як вчинив би кожний богобоязне ний християнин на його місті, кожний шанований американець. Він домігся арешту Тома Робінзона, давши відповідні свідчення, які підписав лівою рукою, і ось Том Робінзон, який таким чином опинився на лаві підсудних, і ви всі бачили, як він давав присягу на біблії, бачили, що у нього дієздатною є тільки права рука.
Отож, тихих, порядний, скромний афроамериканець, який був на стільки необачним, що дозволив собі пожаліти білу дівчину, тепер змушений доводити свою непричетність. Не буду вам нагадувати, як виглядали свідки і як вони себе вели, коли давали свідчення, - ви самі це бачили. Свідки від звинувачення, за виключенням шерифу штату Мейкомб, постали перед вами, джентльмени, постали перед судом, з безсоромною впевненістю, що ніхто не буде сумніватись у їх свідченнях, з впевненістю, що ви, джентльмени, будете грати за їхніми правилами. І вони намагаються нав’язати свою думку, ніби усі афроамериканці завжди обманюють, усі афроамериканці вже від природи є аморальними, наші жінки повинні боятись усіх афроамериканців. А це вже по-суті, джентльмени, є брехнею, такою ж темною, як і шкіра Тома Робінзона, і ви не гірше за мене це знаєте. А між іншим, ви теж знаєте правду, ось вона: деякі афроамериканці обманюють, деяких афроамериканців повинні боятись жінки. Але ми знаємо правду про те, що це твердження стосується особистого характеру людини, а не залежить від кольору шкіри. Погодьтесь, кожний з нас у цій залі хоча б раз брехав, кожен хоча б раз робив щось аморальне, і кожний чоловік хоча б раз дивився на жінку з пристрастю.
Аті кус замовк і дістав носовичок. Потім зняв окуляри і протер їх, і ми зробили ще одне відкриття: до цієї хвилини ми ще ні разу не бачили, що б Аті кус пітнів – він був одним з тих, обличчя яких завжди було сухим. Але у цей момент обличчя Атікуса блищало, як від засмаги.
- Ще хвилинку, джентльмени, і я завершу. Томас Джеферсон сказав якось, що усі люди народжуються рівними, янкі та феміністи виконавчої гілки влади постійно кидаються цією фразою. Тепер, у 1935 р., існує тенденція ввічливого тону, коли деякі люди використовують цю фразу поза контекстом, аби тільки використати, безпідставно. Ось вам один з найбільш безглуздих прикладів: люди, які отримують державну освіту, зрівнюють тупих і лінивих з працелюбними, тому що всі люди рівні. І діти, яких залишають на другий рік, нестерпно страждають від розуміння своєї неповноцінності. Але ми знаємо, що люди не створені рівними у тому розумінні, як дехто прагне нас запевнити: одні наділені розумом, інші є улюбленцями фортуни і мають більше можливостей, інші більше заробляють, деякі жінки є гарними господинями, - коротко кажучи, хтось є більш обдарованим, а хтось менш.
Існує одне місце у нашій країні, один суспільний ін-т, де усі люди рівні – і бідний, і Рокфеллер, дурень і Ейнштейн, нездара та ректор ун-ту. І цим ін-то, джентльмени, є не що інше, як суд. Однаково, чи то Верховний суд США, чи самий звичайний суд у якомусь маленькому містечку, або ось цей високошанований суд, де ми з вами працюємо. У наших судах є недоліки, так як і в будь-яких суспільних установах, але все ж суд у нашій країні є Великим Нівелювальником, і істинно, перед ним усі рівні.
Я не ідеаліст, щоб твердо вірити, що суд присяжних є найкращим з судів, для мене це не ідеал, але об’єктивна реальність. УЦ цілому суд, джентльмени, це ви, присяжні. А присяжні – це кожний з вас, хто його здійснює. Рішення суду – це ваше рішення. Я впевнений, джентльмени, що ви ще раз переглянете докази, які ви тут чули, приймете правильне рішення і повернете батька у сім’ю. Заради Бога, виконайте свій обов’язок!
Голос аті куса обірвався і коли він пішов до свого місця. Він сказав ще щось, але я не розчула. Ніби він говорив не до суду, а до самого себе. Я штовхнула Джима під бік.
- Що він сказав?
- Здається, він сказав «Заради Бога, повірте йому!»
Потім усе було наче уві сні: присяжні повернулись на свої місця, вони рухались повільно, наче в невагомості, і голос судді Тейлора звучав якось неприродно. І ось тут я побачила те, що здатна побачити, вловити лише дитина адвоката, це було все одно що дивитись, як Аті кус виходить на дуель, знаючи, що в револьвері немає патронів.
Присяжний ніколи не дивиться на підсудного, якщо він виніс йому обвинувачувальне рішення. Коли присяжні повернулись до зали суду, ніхто не подивився в сторону Тома Робінсона. Старшина передав містеру Тейту лист паперу, містер Тейт передав його приставу, а той судді.
Я зажмурилась. Суддя Тейлор читав: «Винний…винний…винний…винний…» Я крадькома глянула на Джима: він так вчепився в поручні, що аж пальці побіліли, і від кожного почутого «винний» його плечі тремтіли, ніби від удару.
Суддя Тейлор щось продовжував говорити. Він тримав молоточок у руці, але жодного разу не використав його. Ніби уві сні я побачила – Аті кус згріб у кейс папери зі столу і засунув їх у портфель. Потім він нервово грюкнув кейсом, підійшов до секретаря суду, щось сказав йому, кивнув містеру Джемперу і після всього цього підійшов до Тома Робінсона і щось тихо сказав йому, поклавши руку на плече. Потім зняв зі стула свій піджак, накинув його і пішов до виходу, але не до цн виходу, як зазвичай. Він швидко пройшов поміж рядами до чорного виходу, тому що хотів чим скоріше потрапити додому. Я весь час слідкувала за ним до самого виходу. Але він так і не поглянув доверху.
Хтось легенько штовхнув мене, але я не хотіла повертатись, я не відриваючи погляду дивилась на людей знизу, на Аті куса, який самотньо йшов по проходу.
- Міс Джин Луїза.
Я повернулась. Всі стояли. Навколо нас і по всій залі афроамериканці піднялись з місць. Голос преподобного Сайкса пролунав здалеку, як перед тим голос судді Тейлора.
- Встаньте, міс Джин Луїза. Йде ваш батько.
The extract for analysis represents an interlacement of the 1st person narration, introduced by Scout, which is a nickname of Jean Louise, with Atticus Finch’s speech at the court room. It constitutes the major part of the text, and that is why I’d like to begin with it.
What is the most important function of an attorney for defence? A smart lawyer can persuade the court not to convict the accused beforehand. Though investigation usually provides enough facts for the verdict, it is in the courtroom where the fate of the defendant becomes determined. And the jury is especially sensitive to a well-built speech. Let’s have a look at the situation. The judge knows the verdict already. The jury is sure of the guilt of Tom Robinson. This very public in the gallery have tried to lynch him the night before the trial. Atticus knows as well that his chances are absurd. But he is a man of extreme generousity and justice, and his conscience forbids him to leave poor Robinson defenceless. That is why Atticus puts his reputation at stake. He doesn’t want to appeal to pity. He wants to create a precedent. Therefore he appeals to reason and uses a lot of methods elaborated by the art of rhetorics.
He is extremely worried which is revealed both in his behaviour and his voice. As Scout describes it, at first he spoke with a kind of detachment he used when dictated letters (a simile). He was walking up and down in front of the jury, which is also a general sign of excitement. The scene is completed by the sentence which directly conveys his state with the help of gradation and morphological parallelism: Atticus “unhitched his watch, unbuttoned his vest, unbuttoned his collar, loosened his tie and took off his coat”. He even put his hands in his pockets, and I suppose that mentioning hands may be an allusion to the phrase “I wash my hands off it”. Scout accentuates that such behaviour was not typical of Atticus, and her impression is conveyed through the litotes “He never loosened a scrap of his clothing” and the simile “standing before us stark naked”.
Scout also tells us about the reaction of the jury, and Harper Lee hides irony in her words: “and the jury seemed to be attentive: their heads were up, and they followed Atticus’s route with what seemed to be appreciation”; lexical repetition of the word “seem’ combined with syntactical parallelism intensifies the irony. But when Atticus is half-way through his speech (a metaphor), his manner changes. He is going to touch the most important part, and to attract the jury’s attention he not only addresses them directly(Gentlemen) and keeps this manner throughout his speech, but also changes his voice to a confidential tone. “His voice lost its aridity (a metaphor), its detachment”. He is talking to the jury as if they were folks on the post office corner (a simile), thus making them feel comfortable. This sentence also contains a pun: the jury really were simple villagers, and so the simile could be understood literally. Jean Louise notes that he might have said ‘Scout”, and so she gives the readers an impression that Atticus spoke in a habitual, homely manner.
Atticus is eager to persuade the audience. First of all, he addresses the jury in the beginning of every other paragraph to encourage their attention. Another thing, he builds his speech on the well-known scheme: he gives his thesis “The defendant is not guilty” in the beginning of the speech, then furnishes it with facts, telling his version of the so-called crime and accentuating contradictories in the version of the chief witness for the state. Then he passes to establishing the conditions, on which the jury should base their verdict, and speaks about the facts that are considered to be the general truth – “All men are created equal”. He finishes with the repetition of the thesis paraphrasing it: “Restore the defendant to his family”. The general impression, on which the speech is calculated, is that the thesis formulated at first is developed, proved and flows out of the facts logically.
Should not the audience be so prejudiced against Tom Robinson, Atticus would be sure to win the case. On a careful observation, he applies certain stylistic devices tounderline the most important points.
First of all, Atticus assures the jury that the case is very simple - with the help ofgradation and antithesis: “this case is not a difficult one, it requires no minute sifting of complicated facts, but it does require you to be sure beyond all reasonable doubt as to the guilt of the defendant. This case should never have come to trial”. He sums it up by a simile: “this case is as simple as black and white’. Then Atticus points out the defects of the investigation applying a metaphor: “the state has not produced one iota of medical evidence”. He shows that the testimony of the witnesses is bare-worded. Then Atticus gives a highly emotive thesis built up as antithesis: “The defendant is not guilty, but somebody in this court-room is”. This periphrasis instead of the name heightens the suspension which is intensified by a long pause made by Atticus (which is shown by graphic means – a new paragraph). In the next paragraph it seems that Atticus has changed a topic, but this is done deliberately. He says “I have nothing but pity in my heart for the chief witness for the state, but my pity does not extend so far as to her putting a man’s life at stake”; his irony and hidden negative attitude to the slander are revealed through antithesis, a metaphor “at stake”, a lexical repetition “my pity” and the emphatic construction “nothing but’. The triple repetition of the word “guilt” helps to move this idea deep into the minds of the jury.
Then Atticus tells the public his own version of the events. He motivates Mayella Ewell’s behaviour by her fear to be unmasked. His sentence “She has committed no crime, she has merely broken a rigid and time-honoured code of our society, a code so severe that whoever breaks it is hounded from our midst as unfit to live with” is a whole cluster of stylistic devices: there is antithesis, lexical repetition, epithets, detachment with emphatic word-order (a code so severe), and assonance in it, and it reminds of a parable. Irony sounds in the adjoining phrase “I cannot pity her: she is white”. Then he applies achain repetition of the words “breaking” and “persisted”, and points out the essence of the case in a sustained metaphor of a child trying to avoid punishment and hiding the evidence. Here he uses gradation “He must be removed from her presence, from this world” and antithesis “she did smth every child has done – but she was no child hiding stolen contraband”. He also asks a rhetorical question “What was the evidence of her offence?”, and then repeated the name of Tom Robinson thrice, thus underlining her fear of him.
After that Atticus tells the audience what took place in fact: there was no rape, Mayella just kissed the Negro, and was caught by her father. Atticus underlines the absurdity of the case by lexical and syntactical repetition combined with antithesis “She tempted a Negro. She was white, and she tempted a Negro”, and also by an ironical epithet “unspeakable”. Then Atticus tries to prove that Mayella was beaten by her farther. In the book he carries out an experiment, making him sign a paper. This episode is omitted in the text, but Atticus sums up the experiment “he swore out a warrant, no doubt signing it with his left hand, and Tom Robinson now sits before you, having taken the oath with … his right hand”. Here antonyms combined with syntactical parallelism and lexical repetitions reveal the contrast.
Atticus finishes the analysis of the case with a highly ironical statement “And so a quiet, respectable, humble Negro who had the unmitigated temerity to “feel sorry” for a white woman has had to put his word against two white people’s”. The euphemism “to feel sorry” is used here not to hurt the feeling of the white. Atticus directly announces that the testimony of the witnesses is false, and based on the evil assumption that all Negroes lie, that all Negroes are basically immoral beings, that all Negro men are not to be trusted around women. Gradation and generalization are employed to show the absurdity of it, and play with people’s prejudice against rough generalizations. The next paragraph is built up in a contrast to the previous one, and Atticus uses the parallel phrase about Negroes, just changing the word “all” to “some”. The paragraph is based on the interplay of the words “truth” and “lie”: “which we know is in itself a lie as black as Tom Robinson’s skin (a simile and a pun, as the word “black” is used in its concrete and metaphorical meaning simultaneously), a lie I do not have to point you. You know the truth, and the truth is this… But this is a truth that applies to the human race and to no particular race of man (antithesis)”. The adjoining sentence is based on parallel constructions united by gradation: “There is not a person in this room who has never told a lie, who has never done an immoral thing, and there is no man who has never looked upon a woman without desire”. This in itself may be an allusion to the language of sermons: “Everybody has a sin in the core of the heart”, and is calculated for uniting all people in the court-room into one body of the so-called criminals.
At this point Atticus passes to the last part of his speech. He calls for justice, and makes use of an allusion to Thomas Jefferson, to remind people of the man the state is proud of, and of the danger of prejudice. He knows that his phrase “All men are created equal” has become a trite one, and honestly points out the importance of its correct use. He uses metaphors “distaff side” and “hurling at us” with derogative meaning to arouse negative emotions and readdresses them to those who use the principle irrelevantly of the situation. He brings an example of schools where the stupid and idle are promoted with the industrious (substantivized adjectives), and then underlines that all men are not created equal, employing syntactical parallelism accompanied by anaphora: “some people are smarter than others, some people have more opportunity, some man make more money than others, some ladies make better cakes than others – some people are born gifted beyond the normal scope of most men”. There is also bathos in the sentence: some people are gifted – and some ladies make better cakes, and it makes the pathos milder.
Then Atticus adds that in contrast to all this, the courts are the great levellers, as they make a pauper the equal of a Rockefeller, the stupid man the equal of an Einstein, and the ignorant man the equal of any college president. In this sentence lexical and syntactical parallelism is combined with antonomasia and hyperbole to make the jury feel proud for their court and their country, and realize how responsible their duty is. He also resorts to rhyme “Our courts have their faults” and to parallely inverted word order “There is one way – there is one human institution” to make his speech more colourful.
He concludes his speech emphasizing the moral responsibility of the jury and making them no way for escape. Metaphorically he says that they are the court, and they will be responsible for Robinson’s death if they convict him. He employs chain repetition to come to a logical conclusion: “A court is only as sound as its jury, and a jury is only as sound as the men who make it up”. His final words are an act of pastor-like convincing: “Restore this defendant to his family. In the name of God, do your duty”.
As one can see, Atticus applies the stylistic devices that give more expressiveness to his ideas. He skilfully underlines the key points, proves them, and heightens the suspension when he needs to. It should be also noted, that he makes use of rhetorical questions (eg. What was the evidence of her offence? What did she do? What did her father do?) to add the importance to the answers on them, which he gives himself. He also resorts to emphatic word order (of necessity she must put him away; a code so severe that) and to certain emphatic constructions like “it was quilt that motivated her”. There are also examples of “emphatic do” in his speech (We do know in part what Mr Ewell did; it does require you to be sure). Atticus also uses the negative pronoun instead of the negative particle “not” (she was no child, she has committed no crime, I am no idealist, no code mattered to her, to no particular race of men). From the syntactical point of view, he speaks in long composite sentences, many of them are parallel. It is interesting, that the graphic arrangement of the paragraphs also is symbolic: they are almost equal in length, they end in some conclusion, and very often are joined to each other by lexical repetitions(eg. To get rid of her own guilt – I say guilt, gentlemen; She must destroy the evidence of her offence – what was the evidence of her offence? She tempted a Negro – She was white and she tempted a Negro; etc). All these helps Atticus’s speech be not only highly informative, but also very expressive, persuading, colourful and arresting attention. It is abrilliant example of oratorical style.
But it is represented within the narration made by a nine-year-old girl, and in the book this episode symbolizes her first counteraction with injustice. It is a 1st person narration, and her speech is very emotive and ingenuous. As a child she notices small details: a tip of the pen, a gavel in the hand of the judge, etc. She also uses contracted forms and colloquialisms (to punch, to toy, to shut one’s eyes, to peek at sb, to snap). But at the same time it is evident, that she is a daughter of a lawyer, as their individual styles bear some resemblance: she also uses parallelism and repetitions (could be expected to see, could be expected to watch for; The foreman handed the paper to Mr Tate who handed it to the clerk who handed it to the judge; guilty, guilty, guilty, guilty),simile (the jury returned, moving like underwater swimmers; as if each “guilty” was a separate stab; his voice was as distant as Judge Taylor’s), a metaphor of Atticus in the role of a hunter, when “it was like watching Atticus walk into the street, raise a rifle to his shoulder and pull the trigger, but watching all the time knowing that the gun was empty”. She resorts to high-flown words and phrases, as they are in use in their house – a dreamlike quality, tiny voice, made his way, was reluctant, wasn’t a thunderer – and in combination with a childish interpretation of the events they sound a bit funny, but suggest that Scout took after her father and imitates him subconsciously.
To sum up, I’d like to say, that the extract gives a false impression of the book. It is devoted to childhood first, and the story with Tom Robinson is just an episode in it, though giving much for thinking. The idea of the fight between justice and injustice is given there unobtrusively, and the main advantage of the book is its adventure-like character, which distinguishes many books about children, written for the grown-ups. When reading this book, most of all I liked the epigraph, which says: “Even lawyers used to be children”. And I think, that it is sometimes important for a child to see injustice to know, how valuable justice is.

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