to determine the molarity of a solution and the percent by mass of acetic acid in vinegar
Table of Contents
Abstract 1
Introduction 1
Objectives 2
Theory 2
Apparatus 7
Procedure 8
Results 10
Calculations 14
Discussion 20
Conclusion 21
Recommendations 21
References 22
Appendices 22
Abstract
This experiment was performed in order to determine the molarity of a solution and the percent by mass of acetic acid, CH3COOH in vinegar. Acetic acid is monoprotic and belongs to the carboxyl family of organic compounds. The titration method is used to neutralize the acids by using the standardized sodium hydroxide solution. It reacts with bases which is sodium hydroxide, NaOH to form salt and water. The equivalence point of this neutralization reaction can be determined using a chemical indicator to signal the endpoint. The graph should be plotting to take reading of the equivalence point. Once the equivalence point of the titration is known, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide can be determined. The sodium hydroxide is then use to titrate the vinegars and the concentration of the vinegar solution are determined which the average is 1.7339 M. The percent by mass of acetic acid can be determined from the concentration of the vinegar which is 10.4135% for the average. This experiment was completely done but unsuccessful.
Introduction
Concentration of solution is the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent. A concentrated solution contains relatively large quantity of solute in a given amount of solvent. Dilute solutions contain relatively little solute in a given amount of solvent. There are two specifics term to express concentration, which molarity and percent by mass.
Molarity is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
Percent by mass is the mass in grams of solute per 100 grams of solution.
Vinegar is a dilute solution of acetic acid. The molecular formula for acetic acid is CH3COOH. Both molarity and percent by mass of acetic acid in a vinegar solution can be determined by performing a titration. A titration is a process
Abstract 1
Introduction 1
Objectives 2
Theory 2
Apparatus 7
Procedure 8
Results 10
Calculations 14
Discussion 20
Conclusion 21
Recommendations 21
References 22
Appendices 22
Abstract
This experiment was performed in order to determine the molarity of a solution and the percent by mass of acetic acid, CH3COOH in vinegar. Acetic acid is monoprotic and belongs to the carboxyl family of organic compounds. The titration method is used to neutralize the acids by using the standardized sodium hydroxide solution. It reacts with bases which is sodium hydroxide, NaOH to form salt and water. The equivalence point of this neutralization reaction can be determined using a chemical indicator to signal the endpoint. The graph should be plotting to take reading of the equivalence point. Once the equivalence point of the titration is known, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide can be determined. The sodium hydroxide is then use to titrate the vinegars and the concentration of the vinegar solution are determined which the average is 1.7339 M. The percent by mass of acetic acid can be determined from the concentration of the vinegar which is 10.4135% for the average. This experiment was completely done but unsuccessful.
Introduction
Concentration of solution is the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent. A concentrated solution contains relatively large quantity of solute in a given amount of solvent. Dilute solutions contain relatively little solute in a given amount of solvent. There are two specifics term to express concentration, which molarity and percent by mass.
Molarity is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
Percent by mass is the mass in grams of solute per 100 grams of solution.
Vinegar is a dilute solution of acetic acid. The molecular formula for acetic acid is CH3COOH. Both molarity and percent by mass of acetic acid in a vinegar solution can be determined by performing a titration. A titration is a process
References: 1. Brown, T.L., (2009). Chemistry: The Central Science. (11th Ed.). United States of America: Pearson Education. 2. Zumdahl, S.S. & Zumdahl, S.A., (2010). Chemistry. (8th Ed.). United States of America: Brooks Cole. 3. Kilter, P., Mosher, M. & Scott, A., (2009). Chemistry: The Practical Science. United States of America: Brooks Cole. 4. Stanton, B.,(2010). Experiments in General Chemistry Featuring MeasureNet. (2nd Ed.). United States of America: Brooks Cole. 5. http://teachersites.schoolworld.com/webpages/DCurry/honors.cfm?subpage=1099620 6. http://wwwchem.csustan.edu/consumer/vinegar/analysis.htm 7. http://www.oocities.org/capecanaveral/Hall/1410/lab-C-15.html Appendices