English 12 Honors
Period 05 Ruben
13 May 2013
Timeline of the Holocaust (1933-1945)
1933
Adolf Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Von Hindenburg
The first official Nazi concentration camp opens in Dachau
Laws for Reestablishment of the Civil Service barred Jews from holding civil service, university, and state positions
Law excluding East European Jewish immigrants of German citizenship
1934
Hitler proclaims himself leader and Reich Chancellor & Armed forces must now swear allegiance to him.
1935
Jews barred from serving in the German armed forces
"Nuremberg Laws": first anti-Jewish racial laws enacted; Jews no longer considered German citizens; Jews could not marry Aryans; nor could they fly the German flag.
Germany defines a "Jew": anyone with three Jewish grandparents; someone with two Jewish grandparents who identifies as a Jew.
1936
Jewish doctors barred from practicing medicine in German institutions.
Germans march into the Rhineland, previously demilitarized by the Versailles Treaty.
Reichführer SS Himmler (chief of the SS units) appointed the Chief of German Police.
Hitler and Mussolini form Rome-Berlin Axis.
1937
Buchenwald concentration camp opens
1938
Flossenburg concentration camp opens.
Evian Conference held in Evian, France on the problem of Jewish refugees.
Adolf Eichmann establishes the Office of Jewish Emigration in Vienna to increase the pace of forced emigration.
Italy enacts sweeping antisemitic laws and Mauthausen concentration camp opens in Austria
Munich Conference: Great Britain and France agree to German occupation of the Sudetenland, previously western Czechoslovakia.
Following request by Swiss authorities, Germans mark all Jewish passports with a large letter "J" to restrict Jews from immigrating to Switzerland.
17,000 Polish Jews living in Germany expelled; Poles refused to admit them; 8,000 are stranded in the frontier village of Zbaszyn.
Assassination in Paris of German diplomat Ernst vom Rath by Herschel Grynszpan.
30,000 male Jews sent to concentration camps (Dachau, Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen).
All Jewish pupils expelled from German schools
1939
Hitler in Reichstag speech: “If war erupts it will mean the extermination of European Jews.”
Germans occupy Czechoslovakia and Ravensbruck concentration camp opens.
Beginning of World War II: Germany invades Poland. In the following weeks, 16.336 civilians are murdered by the Nazies in 714 localities. At least 5,000 victims were Jews.
First Polish ghetto established in Piotrkow.
Jews in German-occupied Poland forced to wear an arm band or yellow star.
1940
Germany invades the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France.
Concentration camp established at Auschwitz and Neuengamme concentration camp opens.
France surrenders and the Battle of Britain Begins
1941
10,000 Jews died by starvation in the ghetto between January and June 1941.
Adolf Eichmann appointed head of the department for Jewish affairs of the Reich Security Main Office, Section IV B 4.
Germany attacks Yugoslavia and Greece; occupation follows.
Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp opens in France and Germany invades the Soviet Union.
Heydrich appointed by Göring to implement the "Final Solution".
Dozens and thousands of Russians and Jews are murdered by the extermination squads in occupied territories.
Belzec extermination camp opens.
Japanese attack Pearl Harbor.
United States declares war on Japan and Germany.
1942
Wannsee Conference in Berlin: Heydrich outlines plan to murder Europe's Jews.
Extermination begins in Belzec; by end of 1942 600,000 Jews murdered.
Deportation of Jews from Germany, Greece and Norway to killing centers; Jewish partisan movement organized in forests near Lublin
1943
German 6th Army surrenders at Stalingrad.
Warsaw Ghetto revolt begins as Germans attempt to liquidate 70,000 inhabitants; Jewish underground fights Nazis until early June
Himmler orders the liquidation of all ghettos in Poland and the Soviet Union
Extermination by gas begins in Sobibor killing center; by October 1943, 250,000 Jews murdered.
1944
Nazis begin deporting Hungarian Jews; by June 27, 380,000 sent to Auschwitz.
D-Day: Allied invasion at Normandy.
Red Army repels Nazi forces and Group of German officers attempt to assassinate Hitler.
Revolt by inmates at Auschwitz; one crematorium blown up.
Last Jews deported from Terezin to Auschwitz.
Beginning of death march of approximately 40,000 Jews from Budapest to Austria.
1945
Evacuation of Auschwitz; beginning of death march
Liberation begins and Hitler Commits suicide
Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Victory over Japan proclaimed; Japan surrenders and World war II ends.
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