1) Sura …show more content…
2) Surah xlix (al-Hujurat)—verse 14: The Bedouin say, “We have believed.” But (I Muhammad) say, “Ye have not believed but (the Bedouin should) say rather, ‘We have become Muslims;’ for belief has not entered your hearts….”
3) Sura ix (at-Tawbah)—verse 98: “The Bedouin are even stronger in unbelief and in hypocrisy and more apt not to know the limits of what Allah has sent down to His messenger; Allah is knowing, …show more content…
Thus, we may recognize that the founding of Islam is indeed the First Revolution in Islam. At the same time, we must acknowledge that almost as soon as the Prophet died in 632 A.D., the old ruling families and especially the Umaiya family began once again to assert its influence. At first Abu Bakr (632-634), the close friend of the Prophet, was appointed as the Prophet's successor in the leadership. In fact the very term in Arabic for successor, Al-Khalifah, (in English, “Caliph”) was adopted by succeeding leaders of the Islamic community: “The Successor of the Prophet of God.” Upon the death of Abu Bakr, another close associate of the Prophet and a valued military leader, ‘Umar ibn Al-Khattab (634-644), took up the reigns of power. He is often likened to Moses, as a distinguished patriarch of