The Mention of the Israelites in Egyptian Scriptures
There are several Egyptian documents that not only mention the Israelites in their texts, but also tie the Bible to historical facts. Egyptian documents such as the Tell el-Amarna letters, a large "stele" of the Menephtah, and the Elephantine papyri not only tell the history of Egypt, they also coincide with biblical scripture. The documents confirm not only dates, certain numbers, and rituals, such as circumcision, but places and event, e.g. The Exodus, of biblical stories. According to James Orr, general editor for "The Definition for Egypt," the Tell el-Amarna Letters were discovered in 1887. "These documents refer to many Biblical cities; they also give much direct information concerning the political and social conditions at that period" (Orr, Palestine). Damien Mackey 's "The House of David," shows the remarkable similarities between several rulers in Egypt and the three kings (Saul, David, and Salomon) mentioned in the Bible. In Michael Grant 's "The History of Ancient Israel," he states that a ruler in the 14th century named Labayu ruled over Shechem and extended his kingdom as far as the Mediterranean coast (18). One model given in the case of Saul tells of a second name stated in Psalm 57; the name is Lebaim, "a unique word in the Old Testament meaning great lions." In line with this passage comes a reference from the Amarna letters; an Egyptian pharaoh whose name was Labayu, meaning "Great Lion of (N) ' where N is a god 's name" (Mackey 1).
The Amarna letters could also wrap together David and Tuthmosis III as one and the same. Labayu had sons that battled for an equally important roll after his death (Grant 18). In II Samuel 3:1, the passage tells of how Saul 's two sons Ish-Bosheth and David fought for power. This leads Mackey to a comprehensive comparison between David and Tuthmosis I & III. A few illustrations in the contrast are ranging from military campaigns to coronation ceremonies (Mackey 3-5). In the military campaign of
The Amarna letters could also wrap together David and Tuthmosis III as one and the same. Labayu had sons that battled for an equally important roll after his death (Grant 18). In II Samuel 3:1, the passage tells of how Saul 's two sons Ish-Bosheth and David fought for power. This leads Mackey to a comprehensive comparison between David and Tuthmosis I & III. A few illustrations in the contrast are ranging from military campaigns to coronation ceremonies (Mackey 3-5). In the military campaign of
Bibliography: Grant, Michael. "The History of Ancient Israel." New York: Charles Scribner 's Sons, 1914 Keller, Werner. "The Bible as History." New York: William Morrow And Company, 1958 Mackey, David. "El Amarna and the First Three Israelite Kings." The House of David. 23 May 2005 . Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Definition for 'EGYPT '". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". bible-history.com - ISBE; 1915. Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Definition for 'PALESTINE EXPLORATION, 1 '". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". bible-history.com - ISBE; 1915.