The Impact of Dyslexia on Normative Development
The Impact of Dyslexia on Normative Development
Name
Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota
Schools of Graduate and Professional Programs
PY605B Developmental Psychology
Dr. Sharon Votel, Instructor
Date
Table of Contents
The Phenomenology of Dyslexia 3 Definitions of Dyslexia 4 Etiology of Dyslexia 5 Brain Structure 5 Anomalies in the Left Cerebral Cortex 5 Size Differences in the Cerebral Hemispheres 6 Cerebellar Dysfunction 6 Brain Function 6 Genetics 7 Prevalence of Dyslexia 7
Dyslexia in Early Childhood 8 Social Skills 8 Speech and Language 8 Sensory-Motor 9
Dyslexia in Middle Childhood 8 Social Skills 8 Academic Performance 8 Self-Esteem 8 Dyslexia in Adolescence 8 Social Interactions 8 Academic Performance 8 Identity Formation 8
Dyslexia in Adulthood 8 Relationships 8 Occupational Vocational Development 8 Work 9 Summary and Conclusions 10
References 10
The Impact of Dyslexia on Normative Development Dyslexia is an invisible disability that is experienced by each person in a different way. This paper is an examination of the definitions, etiology, and prevalence of dyslexia today and its developmental impact on children, adolescents, and adults. Osmond (1993) found that dyslexia has a unique emotional impact on each person. He interviewed 12 people, ages 6 to 15, about their experiences with this disorder, and discovered each had an increasingly difficult time describing specific characteristics. One interviewee told Osmond, “Sometimes I feel like giving my brain a good wash” (p. 21) and another stated, “I read like my mouth doesn’t belong to my brain” (p. 22). A third replied, “There’s something in my brain that won’t click open,” and a fourth, “My brain is back to front, really”
Name
Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota
Schools of Graduate and Professional Programs
PY605B Developmental Psychology
Dr. Sharon Votel, Instructor
Date
Table of Contents
The Phenomenology of Dyslexia 3 Definitions of Dyslexia 4 Etiology of Dyslexia 5 Brain Structure 5 Anomalies in the Left Cerebral Cortex 5 Size Differences in the Cerebral Hemispheres 6 Cerebellar Dysfunction 6 Brain Function 6 Genetics 7 Prevalence of Dyslexia 7
Dyslexia in Early Childhood 8 Social Skills 8 Speech and Language 8 Sensory-Motor 9
Dyslexia in Middle Childhood 8 Social Skills 8 Academic Performance 8 Self-Esteem 8 Dyslexia in Adolescence 8 Social Interactions 8 Academic Performance 8 Identity Formation 8
Dyslexia in Adulthood 8 Relationships 8 Occupational Vocational Development 8 Work 9 Summary and Conclusions 10
References 10
The Impact of Dyslexia on Normative Development Dyslexia is an invisible disability that is experienced by each person in a different way. This paper is an examination of the definitions, etiology, and prevalence of dyslexia today and its developmental impact on children, adolescents, and adults. Osmond (1993) found that dyslexia has a unique emotional impact on each person. He interviewed 12 people, ages 6 to 15, about their experiences with this disorder, and discovered each had an increasingly difficult time describing specific characteristics. One interviewee told Osmond, “Sometimes I feel like giving my brain a good wash” (p. 21) and another stated, “I read like my mouth doesn’t belong to my brain” (p. 22). A third replied, “There’s something in my brain that won’t click open,” and a fourth, “My brain is back to front, really”
References: American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author. Frank, S. (2000, March 3). Dyslexia cure right around the corner. Dispatch Pioneer Press, pp. A1, A4. Levinson, H. (1994). A scientific Watergate—dyslexia: How and why countless millions are deprived of breakthrough medical treatment. Lake Success, NY: Stonebridge. McIntyre, C., & Pickering, J. (1995). Multisensory structured language programs: Content and principles of instruction [Special issue]. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 35 (3), 620-635. Moragne, W. (1997). Dyslexia. doi: xxxxxxxx Nosek, K Oakland, T., Black, J., Stanford, G., Nussbaum, N., & Balise, R. (1998). An evaluation of the Dyslexia Training Program: A multisensory method for promoting reading in students with reading disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 31, 140-147. Osmond, J. (1993). The reality of dyslexia. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxx Rooney, K Sands, M. (1992, June 6). A dyslexia primer. Time Magazine, pp. 80-87. Scarborough, H. (1989). Prediction of reading disability from familial and individual differences. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 101-108. Scarborough, H. (1990). Very early language deficits in dyslexic children. In J. Smith & T. Adkins (Eds.), Child development (pp. 1728-1743). Location: Publisher. [or] Retrieved from http:www.xxxxxx [or] doi:xxxxxx Seldin, N Taylor, N. (2007, April). Learning disabilities update. Psychology Quarterly, 22(7). Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/quarterly/ Appendix A