The Gowerment Went to Private Education in Egypt
Institut für Ethnologie und Afrikastudien
Department of Anthropology and African Studies
Arbeitspapiere / Working Papers Nr. 88
Sarah Hartmann
The Informal Market of Education in Egypt. Private Tutoring and Its Implications
2008
The Working Papers are edited by Institut für Ethnologie und Afrikastudien, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Forum 6, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Tel. +49-6131-3923720; Email: ifeas@uni-mainz.de; http://www.ifeas.uni-mainz.de http://www.ifeas.uni-mainz.de/workingpapers/Arbeitspapiere.html Geschäftsführende Herausgeberin/ Managing Editor: Eva Spies (espies@uni-mainz.de)
Biographical Note Sarah Hartmann studied Social Anthropology and Media and Communication Studies at the Free University of Berlin and the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. She gained her M.A. degree from the Free University of Berlin in 2007.
Note on Transliteration
I have used a simplified transliteration of Arabic terms in this text, in order to make it more readable and to represent the Egyptian spoken dialect as it sounds rather than as it might be written in Arabic. I have retained double consonants, but, in most cases, made no distinction between long and short vowels. I do not differentiate between the different “s”, “d” and “t” sounds, nor between the different “h” sounds that exist in Arabic. An open single quotation mark (‘) represents the consonant “‘ayn”, an apostrophe (’) the letters “hamza”, “qaf” (which is not pronounced in Egyptian dialect) or a glottal stop. I have not assimilated the “l” of the definite article. Names and place names are represented in their most common form of spelling.
2
Contents
Note on Transliteration ............................................................................................. 2 Contents ...................................................................................................................... 3 1 2 2.1 2.2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3
Department of Anthropology and African Studies
Arbeitspapiere / Working Papers Nr. 88
Sarah Hartmann
The Informal Market of Education in Egypt. Private Tutoring and Its Implications
2008
The Working Papers are edited by Institut für Ethnologie und Afrikastudien, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Forum 6, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Tel. +49-6131-3923720; Email: ifeas@uni-mainz.de; http://www.ifeas.uni-mainz.de http://www.ifeas.uni-mainz.de/workingpapers/Arbeitspapiere.html Geschäftsführende Herausgeberin/ Managing Editor: Eva Spies (espies@uni-mainz.de)
Biographical Note Sarah Hartmann studied Social Anthropology and Media and Communication Studies at the Free University of Berlin and the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. She gained her M.A. degree from the Free University of Berlin in 2007.
Note on Transliteration
I have used a simplified transliteration of Arabic terms in this text, in order to make it more readable and to represent the Egyptian spoken dialect as it sounds rather than as it might be written in Arabic. I have retained double consonants, but, in most cases, made no distinction between long and short vowels. I do not differentiate between the different “s”, “d” and “t” sounds, nor between the different “h” sounds that exist in Arabic. An open single quotation mark (‘) represents the consonant “‘ayn”, an apostrophe (’) the letters “hamza”, “qaf” (which is not pronounced in Egyptian dialect) or a glottal stop. I have not assimilated the “l” of the definite article. Names and place names are represented in their most common form of spelling.
2
Contents
Note on Transliteration ............................................................................................. 2 Contents ...................................................................................................................... 3 1 2 2.1 2.2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3
References: 85 Farag, Iman (2006), A Great Vocation, a Modest Profession: Teachers’ Paths and Practices, in: Herrera/ Torres (eds.), Cultures of Arab Schooling: Critical Ethnographies from Egypt, Albany: SUNY Press, pp 87 Oxford Concise Dictionary of Sociology (1994), Marshall, Gordon (ed.), Oxford/ N.Y.: Oxford University Press 89 Newspaper articles Letter to the Minister of Education (2001), Grade inflation, Al-Ahram Weekly Online, Issue No