Preview

Terrorism

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
8708 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Terrorism
* 1. Politics of Representation Terrorism Index 1. Introduction 2 2. Defining ‘Terrorism’ 3 3. Understanding ‘Terrorists’ 6 Gerrits‟ Seven „Terrorists‟‟ Tactics of Publicity 8 The Role of the Media in the „Terrorist Crusade‟ 8 Violence as a Central Feature of „Terrorism‟ 9 4. The Construction of the „Terrorist Threat‟ – ‘Counterterrorism’ vs. ‘Terrorism’ / ’Terrorism’ vs. ‘Counterterrorism 10 5. Conclusion 12 6. Bibliography 14 Student – João Cotrim 1 * 2. Politics of Representation Terrorism 1. Introduction Since September 11th, 2001, the world has witnessed a radical change in the world order. Fear, anxiety, sentiments of repugnancy and hate, and, mostly, a deep sentiment of great uncertainty took their place and dominated, and still dominate, most of our daily lives. Since then, there have been much discussions and debates about the events that took place in that fatal date and consequent repercussions for the entire world. The events were classified as the worst „terrorists‟ acts, deeds that were ever seen and witnessed, much due to the role of a cultural good which has a central place in this mass-communications era – television. The power of the images of the two „hijacked‟ planes crushing against the Twin Towers and their subsequent fall, which every one of us has and will have in mind until the end of our lives, had a major part in producing all the sentiments that certainly all of us felt, at the time, and surely, still fill! The discussion about „Terrorism‟ has, thus, become part of our lives, while the media have become a central player in delivering the latest developments on this issue, and in keeping people informed and updated. One just cannot avoid it! Virtually, everyone has his personal point of view and particular way of looking at this concerning problematic, issue. That‟s why I chose this topic! It‟s a very contemporary issue and, thus, I believe it is worthy looking at it, studying and analysing it. In the next pages, then, I will focus

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Better Essays

    Terrorism

    • 1452 Words
    • 6 Pages

    “Prepare a written briefing for a Board (you can choose any company real or imaginary) explaining why they should increase or decrease their security in relation to the threat of terrorism.”…

    • 1452 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Modern day, international terrorism origins arguably dates back to the events on July 22nd 1968 in which the terrorist group the PLO changed the foundations of terrorism and caused a considerable shift in a modern terrorist’s approach. The year 1968 marked a radical shift in how terrorists operated and their objectives as a group, when a commercial air flight was hijacked by the PLO from Rome to Tel Aviv. This was a major turning point for three main reasons. Firstly, it was the first hijacking where its purpose was not to divert the plane but to make a bold political statement. El Al was Israel’s national airline and was a symbol of the Israeli state. The hijacking also the forced the state to directly deal with the terrorists. Second, the hijacking influenced people on an international scale. The fact that the terrorists were intending to trade hostages for imprisoned Palestinian terrorists in Israel was shocking to the wider audience watching this. In addition, it was the first time a terrorist organization began operating regularly at the international level, leaving its home turf to attack citizens of a foreign country who, in many cases, had nothing to do with their struggle in order to promote their political cause before an international audience. Finally though the combination of dramatic political statement, symbolic targeting and crisis induced de facto recognition, the terrorists recognized they had the power to create major media events. This was significant in that they realized media attention meant power. This was the first time they were being heard by the world and that their cause was being sympathized with, which was a great stepping stone for resolving their problems.…

    • 1152 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    This essay will endeavour to give an historical analysis of contemporary terrorism and its changing nature by focusing on three specific terrorist campaigns over the last thirty years. The essay will begin by first presenting a definition of terrorism and will move on to provide a brief account of the geographical shift in terrorism by discussing the movement from territorial based terrorism to more ideological focused campaigns. In addition, it will give a concise discussion on the theory of globalisation in relation to terrorism and the impact it has had on the growth of international terrorism. The essay will then move on to discuss three separate but equally significant terrorist campaigns within the last thirty years and will highlight how each of these terrorist campaigns became turning points in the evolution of international terrorism and evaluate how each one played a significant role in the evolution of contemporary terrorism. The three individual campaigns this paper will focus on is the 1979 Iranian revolution, the Russian intervention in Afghanistan and the September 11 attacks instigated by Al- Qaeda; this essay will highlight the importance of each of the afore mentioned terrorist campaigns and also the scale of impact they each had on international terrorism. The importance of the question this paper will endeavour to address is that terrorism is a major issue of contemporary societal life; this paper will demonstrate how terrorism is a borderless, faceless threat and as the nature of terrorism changes so too does the extremity and lethality.…

    • 2886 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Fear of Terrorism

    • 2313 Words
    • 10 Pages

    Since September 11th, 2001, the world has witnessed a radical change in the world order. Fear, anxiety, sentiments of repugnancy and hate, and, mostly, a deep sentiment of great uncertainty took their place and dominated, and still dominate, problematic, issue. There has been much discussions and debates about the events that has taken place in the fatal date and consequent repercussion acts. The images of the two hi-jacked planes crashing into the Twin Towers, has a major part in producing all the sentiments that certainly all of us felt, and will continue to feel as of today. That is what this research paper will explain. It is a very contemporary issue and, many believe it is interesting looking at it, studying, and analyzing it. In the next pages, this research paper will focus on the definition of terrorism, history of terrorism, and the effects it has on society.…

    • 2313 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    In extension, the possibility of becoming freedom fighters necessitates a removal of risk in congruence to political norms. It will argue this contradiction exists as a simultaneous acknowledgment of the terrorist’s politics and a violent silencing and denial of expression of the same. This essay will first discuss how terrorism is presented to us as irrefutably evil, as part of a spectacle that allays our fears about our identity. The essay will then explore how the politics of terrorism is demanded from Muslim populations, only to be denied or repressed, in order to maintain ethnic boundaries of identity premised on neoliberal norms. Lastly, the example of Nelson Mandela is presented to show how freedom fighters can only exist within the hegemonic framework of already existing values. It will also show how the law works to define and terrorism as politics beyond the realm of politics in a bid to control and censor challenges to liberal democracy (Christodoulidis & Veitch, 1994, pp. 463,…

    • 667 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Terrorism and counterterrorism are reasonably accredited areas to study because of all of the terrorism in the world (Roberts 2014). Terrorism can be examined from many different perspectives. To build on that point terrorism can be studied from a sociological perspective. Turk (2004) argues that sociology is a social construction. When society labels certain events as terrorism the government will begin to apply these labels (Turk 2004). If a powerful government, like the United States of America, starts to use labels like ‘terrorism’ or ‘terrorist,’ the it will have more influence on society to use these words; however, as a juxtaposition, if a less powerful government, like Luxembourg, labels people as terrorists then it will not have as…

    • 1118 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Best Essays

    The terrorist attacks in America have since publicized controversial attitudes in understanding and defining terrorism. There is a misconception of terrorism as it was only in actuality brought to light after the attacks in America on 11 September 2001 (Best & Nocella, 2004); this has guided many to assume that terrorism arose in light of the 11 September attacks, when actually terrorism did not begin in 2001; nor is it restricted to extremists in the Middle East. Here is where much of the difficulty lies in defining terrorism; thus the now famous quotation, “One person’s terrorist is another person’s freedom fighter’.…

    • 3514 Words
    • 15 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Good Essays

    There is a lot of difficulty in finding a definition of Terrorism that is universally accepted (Mitchell, 2012), as definitions of terrorism vary from country to country (Cinoglu & Ozeren, n.d). However according to Mitchell (2012) political goals, violence, unlawfulness, and a “psychological impact and fear” (para. 2). Most, if not all the time, the goal of terrorism is to send a message that is either ideological or religious (Hudson, 1999). This is achieved by terrorising the public, often through high-profile impacts on targets that are symbolic or represent the targeted nation and/or other enemies (Hudson, 1999). Worldwide, terrorist attacks rose by 43% from 2012 to 2013, killing 17 891 people globally and wounding 32 577 people (Ballantine, Korgen and Roberts, 2015). In order to prevent such fatalities, we need to understand Terrorism. This can be done by studying terrorism under the scope of a sociological theoretical perspective such as the Rational Choice Theory perspective, the Structural-Functional Theory perspective and the Symbolic Interactionalist Theory…

    • 1107 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Media Oriented Terrorism

    • 3606 Words
    • 15 Pages

    This essay will discuss the topic of media oriented terrorism with reference to the role of media in influencing terrorist attacks and the shaping of public opinion. The main argument of the essay will be that terrorist organizations use social media as means of conveying their ideological preferences with maximum exposure, while influencing public opinion. This issue is important as both provide the necessary resources enabling terror events to take place. Terrorist organizations provide the action for the terror event and the media relay this message…

    • 3606 Words
    • 15 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    This paper will be looking at the term ‘Postmodern Terrorism’ as it is explored by Walter Lacquer in his paper with the same title. We will also seek to determine whether or not terrorism has changed fundamentally over the recent centuries, especially around the time of the 9/11 attacks as well as all of the new technologies and techniques that seem to of had been implemented over the years by various terrorist groups and governments to counter each other in their efforts.…

    • 742 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    ISIS A Religion

    • 1314 Words
    • 6 Pages

    In this book, several key authors contribute volumes of essays that deal with the definitions of terrorism, what qualifies as terrorism and Igor Priomoratz’s dictum that there are really only two philosophical questions about terrorism: first, “What is it?” and, second, “Can it ever be justified?” these ontological and ethical questions. This book will help me examine, the purpose of terrorism by analyzing and taking different approaches on these issues. This book is relevant for my research, due to wide knowledge and interpretation of terrorism, which will help aid me in drafting this annotated…

    • 1314 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Nowadays human beings are exposed to a great deal of information coming from all over the world. The bad news is that plenty of these information delivered by means of TV and radio stations concern inhumane acts of violence directed against groups and whole nations. Activists and defenders of human rights point out that the problem goes global and they put the blame for the instances of this bloodshed on terrorists and congregations under leadership of fanatic politicians and other authorities. Sociologists in broad agreement claim that terrorism and fanaticism are ideologies whose postulates are manifested in the same way.…

    • 605 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Terrorism is a phenomenon very present in the entire world. Terrorists’ acts invade our consciousness through the media. Brian Jenkins (2006) noted that « Terrorism is theatre », and terrorist attacks attract the attention of the media. Indeed, terrorists use the media as a strategy to have more impact on the individual. It underlines the link between terrorism and the media. It shows that terrorism can be a weapon of powerful. Nevertheless, terrorism can be also the weapon of powerless. In the article “Psychological Sequelae of the September 11 Terrorist Attacks in New York City » by the New England Journal of Medicine, the terrorism ‘s phenomenon has some harmful impact on the mental health. « Terrorism is the war of the poor and powerless. War is the terrorism of the rich and powerful » declared Peter Ustinov (2009). This quotation underlines the link between terrorism, the terms powerless and powerful. Terrorism is born in the heart of the State. The meaning of « terrorism » is going to evolve from the beginning of the 19th century. It indicates a strategy of contesting violence of the State. Henceforth, terrorism is considered as a strategy of fight, which chooses the lowest to fight a stronger opponent militarily. The word « terrorism » has a lot of meanings. Faced with this phenomenon, the government have an important role in order to avoid terrorists to act. However, before finding effective solutions to the problem of terrorism it is important to understand this concept, which is very complicated. This essay will explore the link between terrorism and powerless. Is terrorism the weapon of powerless? On the one hand, terrorism is considered as the weapon of powerless. On the other hand, terrorism can be a weapon of powerful. Each part will examine the type of terrorism, the tactics used by terrorists and the motivations and causes of terrorism, which are different.…

    • 2155 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    To explain the meaning of the word “terrorism” I prefer the definition of the Department of Defense of the United States- “The calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.”[1] Within this definition, there are three key elements—violence, fear, and intimidation—and each element produces terror in its victims. Who are the victims of terrorism? The victim of terrorism can be anything starting from nature, environment and animals, ending with the people, countries and the international organisations etc. In this essay I will be describing term “terrorism acts” from the individual, national and international level perspectives.…

    • 2725 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Terrorism

    • 360 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Is it important to define a jihadist way of war? If so, how does it compare to the western way of war?…

    • 360 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays

Related Topics