substation layout
Single Line Diagram of Substations
Substations
Electric power is produced at the power generating stations, which are generally located far away from the load centers. High voltage transmission lines are used to transmit the electric power from the generating stations to the load centers. Between the power generating station and consumers a number of transformations and switching stations are required. These are generally known as substations. Substations are important part of power system and form a link between generating stations, transmission systems and distribution systems. It is an assembly of electrical components such as bus-bars, switchgear apparatus, power transformers etc.
Their main functions are to receive power transmitted at high voltage from the generating stations and reduce the voltage to a value suitable for distribution. Some substations provide facilities for switching operations of transmission lines, others are converting stations. Substations are provided with safety devices to disconnect equipment or circuit at the time of faults. Substations are the convenient place for installing synchronous condensers for the purpose of improving power factor and it provide facilities for making measurements to monitor the operation of the various parts of the power system.
The substations may be classified in according to service requirements and constructional features. According to service requirements it is classified in to transformer substations, switching substations and converting substations.
(1) Transformer substations: Majority of the substations in the power system are in the type. They are used to transform power from one voltage level to another voltage level. Transformer is the main component in such substations. Transformer substations are further classified into Step-up substations, Primary grid substations, Secondary substations and Distribution substations.
(a) Step-up substations: These substations are
Substations
Electric power is produced at the power generating stations, which are generally located far away from the load centers. High voltage transmission lines are used to transmit the electric power from the generating stations to the load centers. Between the power generating station and consumers a number of transformations and switching stations are required. These are generally known as substations. Substations are important part of power system and form a link between generating stations, transmission systems and distribution systems. It is an assembly of electrical components such as bus-bars, switchgear apparatus, power transformers etc.
Their main functions are to receive power transmitted at high voltage from the generating stations and reduce the voltage to a value suitable for distribution. Some substations provide facilities for switching operations of transmission lines, others are converting stations. Substations are provided with safety devices to disconnect equipment or circuit at the time of faults. Substations are the convenient place for installing synchronous condensers for the purpose of improving power factor and it provide facilities for making measurements to monitor the operation of the various parts of the power system.
The substations may be classified in according to service requirements and constructional features. According to service requirements it is classified in to transformer substations, switching substations and converting substations.
(1) Transformer substations: Majority of the substations in the power system are in the type. They are used to transform power from one voltage level to another voltage level. Transformer is the main component in such substations. Transformer substations are further classified into Step-up substations, Primary grid substations, Secondary substations and Distribution substations.
(a) Step-up substations: These substations are