1. The primary structure of a protein represents: (*) the amino acid sequence. (2) the functional configuration. (3) the subunits of a protein. (4) a pleated sheet. (5) a alpha helix. 2. In prokaryotes, most genes are organized into operons. One component of an operon is the structural genes. Which of the following best describes a structural gene? (*) a sequence of DNA that specifies a polypeptide. (2) a sequence of DNA that produces tRNA's. (3) a sequence of DNA that interacts with the small ribosomal subunit. (4) a sequence of DNA that is recognized by RNA polymerase. (5) a sequence of DNA that is involved in forming the structure of a double helix molecule. 3. Identify the correct sequence of steps in protein synthesis in prokaryotes: A - binding of large ribosomal subunit to initiation complex B - peptide bond formation C - binding of mRNA to small subunit of ribosome D - binding of charged tRNA to A site E - release of fmet-tRNA and translocation (1) B, C, A, D, E (2) B, E, C, A, D (3) C, E, B, A, D (*) C, A, D, B, E (5) C, D,…
24. How does the hydrogen bonding in alpha-helices differ from the hydrogen bonding in the beta strands of polypeptides? a. alpha bonding is parallel to the axis of the polypeptide b. alpha bonding utilizes R-groups c. beta bonding utilizes R-groups d. beta bonding utilizes only the N-terminus for hydrogen bonding e. none of the above 25. A slight change in the pH environment surrounding a protein could affect the proteins’: a. b. c. d. e. amino acid sequence overall shape overall structure function b, c, & d…
Secondary: local regions of polypeptide chain fold into specific shapes (shapes arise from the bonding forces between amino acids close in proximity of linear sequence…
The quaternary structure is not necessary for all proteins. However, a quaternary protein is determined by how many polypeptide chains there are linked and the subsequent arrangement of the individual polypeptide chains, this determines the structure and function of the protein. (See figure…
Results from the bending and folding of a polypeptide chain that occurs due to a variety of interactions b/w the amino acid side chains…
Proteins-Macromolecule containing one or more polypeptide chains. are nitrogenous organic compounds that have one or more amino acid chains. They are structural components of body tissues, enzymes and antibodies…
A). The chemical composition and structure of proteins seems quite confusing at first but one it is broken down into levels it is much more understandable. Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins and they contain amino, carboxyl and R groups. These R groups that are in the amino acids are what determine the properties of the specific amino acids. For structure, there are 4 levels. The first one being the primary level. These are made up of sequences of amino acids and these amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds. The next level is called secondary. This level is a formation of amino acid chains folded together by a helix formation or a pleated sheet. The bonds between…
16. How do the DNA base sequences specify the sequences of amino acids in a protein?…
Polypeptides are amino acids linked together by peptide bonds therefore creating a structure known as a polypeptide. A polypeptide backbone is a key contributor to the secondary structure of a protein due to the backbone to backbone hydrogen bonding interactions.…
There are 20 different amino acids commonly found in proteins. Each different protein contains a different number, combination and order of these amino acids. Complete proteins provide all the essential amino acids. Incomplete proteins are ones that are low in one or more of the essential amino acids. Complementary proteins are two or more incomplete protein sources that together provide the adequate amounts of all the essential amino acids.…
Proteins are complex molecules that each has a very unique shape, structure and function. The shape of the proteins is held up by a chain of subunits called amino acids that are connected by peptide bonds. Protein structures are formed by four levels of folding. The primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids. The secondary structure describes the folding of alpha helixes and beta pleated sheets. The tertiary structure represents the overall shape of the protein and the quaternary structure only occurs in a protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain. When the shape, the structure or the function of proteins is incorrect, it is likely because of some type of change in the sequence of the amino acids or whether a certain amino acid required is present.…
Know the four levels of structure of a protein and be able to describe them.…
Amino acids are biologically organic compounds containing amine and carboxylic acid functional groups, usually along with a side-chain specific to each amino acid. The elements that are key of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. There are about 500 different kinds of amino acids found but we recognize 23 of the amino acids that are known, they are classified into three groups, essential semi-essential, and non-essential. Each amino acid has unique characteristics arising from the size, shape, solubility, and ionization properties of its R group. In the form of proteins, amino acids comprise the second-largest component of human muscles, cells and other tissues, water being first. Outside proteins, amino…
34) The linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is referred to as its ______ structure.…
Another way of which living organisms differ from each other is through proteins. Proteins are made up of amino acids and they condense together to form a dipeptide. Polypeptides are many amino acids bonded together through a peptide bond. The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide. Each organism has a different sequence of amino acids which make up their base sequence and consequently code their genetics.…