Steam Distillation - Clove Oil
Steam Distillation – Clove Oil
Abstract: In this experiment, a situ method steam distillation was performed and essential oils were isolated from cloves. Once the oils were obtained, extraction techniques were used to extract a crude, eugenol, and acetyleugenol product sample. These samples were submitted for GC analysis and the normalization area percents were calculated to confirm their purity; for the crude sample it was 93.95% eugenol and 6.05% acetyleugenol, for the eugenol sample it was 100% eugenol and 0% acetyleugenol, and for the acetyleugenol sample it was 24.84% eugenol and 75.16% acetyleugenol. The IR spectrum was also found for the eugenol and acetyleguenol products, which confirmed their identities; the eugenol sample showed the presence of the alcohol functional group O-H at 3425.19 cm-1 and both alkene C=C at 1604.43 cm-1 and aromatic C=C at 1509.35 cm-1. The acetyleugenol sample showed the presence of ester C=O at 1760.27 cm-1, both alkene C=C at 1506.83 cm-1 and aromatic C=C at 1417.46 cm-1.
Introduction:
Figure 11:
eugenol acetyleugenol
The primary constituents of the essential oils from cloves are the organic compounds eguenol and acetyleugenol (structures pictured above in Figure1); these natural oils are associated with the characteristic aroma that cloves have. The perfume industry takes advantage of these natural cloves by using their aromatic oils in their products1.
One method used to isolate clove oil is steam distillation. This distillation technique requires liquids to be heated to their boiling points and conducted their hot vapors into a cooling device where they condense; this process involves steam mechanically carrying the oils through the distillation process1. Water is used as the liquid that is boiled in the flask containing the cloves; this is because clove oils and water are immiscible. In order to use steam distillation effectively to isolate organic compounds that decompose
Abstract: In this experiment, a situ method steam distillation was performed and essential oils were isolated from cloves. Once the oils were obtained, extraction techniques were used to extract a crude, eugenol, and acetyleugenol product sample. These samples were submitted for GC analysis and the normalization area percents were calculated to confirm their purity; for the crude sample it was 93.95% eugenol and 6.05% acetyleugenol, for the eugenol sample it was 100% eugenol and 0% acetyleugenol, and for the acetyleugenol sample it was 24.84% eugenol and 75.16% acetyleugenol. The IR spectrum was also found for the eugenol and acetyleguenol products, which confirmed their identities; the eugenol sample showed the presence of the alcohol functional group O-H at 3425.19 cm-1 and both alkene C=C at 1604.43 cm-1 and aromatic C=C at 1509.35 cm-1. The acetyleugenol sample showed the presence of ester C=O at 1760.27 cm-1, both alkene C=C at 1506.83 cm-1 and aromatic C=C at 1417.46 cm-1.
Introduction:
Figure 11:
eugenol acetyleugenol
The primary constituents of the essential oils from cloves are the organic compounds eguenol and acetyleugenol (structures pictured above in Figure1); these natural oils are associated with the characteristic aroma that cloves have. The perfume industry takes advantage of these natural cloves by using their aromatic oils in their products1.
One method used to isolate clove oil is steam distillation. This distillation technique requires liquids to be heated to their boiling points and conducted their hot vapors into a cooling device where they condense; this process involves steam mechanically carrying the oils through the distillation process1. Water is used as the liquid that is boiled in the flask containing the cloves; this is because clove oils and water are immiscible. In order to use steam distillation effectively to isolate organic compounds that decompose
References: (1) Williamson. "Chapter 6." Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments. 4 ed. Boston/New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2003. 2-3. Print. “Steam distillation lab handout”. Written, compiled, and edited by Jeffrey E. Elbert and Linda S. Paar, Department of Chemistry, University of Northern Iowa (2) "Recovery of Citral from lemon grass oil by steam distillation." Pharmaceutical Information, Articles and Blogs : Pharmainfo.net. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2013. <http://www.pharmainfo.net/reviews/recovery-citral-lemon-grass-oil-steam-distillation>. (3) “Extraction lab handout”. Written, compiled, and edited by Jeffrey E. Elbert and Linda S. Paar, Department of Chemistry, University of Northern Iowa (4) "Gas Chromatography." Chromatography - Everything about Chromatography and Analytical Chemistry. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2013. <http://www.justchromatography.com/chromatography/gc>. (5) "IR Spectroscopy Tutorial." Organic Chemistry at CU Boulder. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 May 2013. <http://orgchem.colorado.edu/Spectroscopy/irtutor/tutorial.html>. (6) "ScienceLab: Chemicals & Laboratory Equipment." ScienceLab: Chemicals & Laboratory Equipment. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 May 2013. <http://sciencelab.com>. (7) "IR Chart." Organic Chemistry at CU Boulder. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 May 2013. <http://orgchem.colorado.edu/Spectroscopy/specttutor/irchart.html>.