Sports Psychology
Does a male coach, motivate female athletes differently to male athletes between the ages of 18-21?
Abstract
A psychology questionnaire for 99 participants, 96 athletes and 3 coaches to find out whether a male coach motivates females athletes differently to male athletes between the ages of 18-21. The questionnaire was taken place in a spacious area and was conducted individually, one to one, in a quiet room away from others. The questions were semantic questions and were discussed openly with the athletes and coaches to gain valid results. The results were considered not significant with a P value of 0.7704 highlighting that females and males are coached and motivated the same as one another by their coaches.
Introduction
Motivation is defined as “the intensity and direction of one 's effort” (Sage 1977). Direction refers to the decision an athlete makes to commit and to turn up to training on a regular basis. The intensity is about how much effort athletes are prepared to give in each training session. In sport, these dimensions are related too by committed athletes attending training on a regular basis and working hard during their sessions. Motivation is a combination of the drive within us to achieve our aims/goals alongside the external factors which affect it. It comes in two forms known as intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation.
Intrinsic motivation comes from within, it is internal. It is the desire needed, in order to perform well and succeed. It can be a feeling of pride and enjoyment in performing a new skill and learning a new technique or a feeling of accomplishment when overcoming a problem or task. For this to occur, SMART goals must be set.
Extrinsic motivation comes from outside the athlete. It may be social sources such as not wanting to disappoint parents and coaches, or tangible rewards such as trophies and money. Extrinsically motivated athletes tend to focus on the competitiveness or individual performance outcome instead of the
Abstract
A psychology questionnaire for 99 participants, 96 athletes and 3 coaches to find out whether a male coach motivates females athletes differently to male athletes between the ages of 18-21. The questionnaire was taken place in a spacious area and was conducted individually, one to one, in a quiet room away from others. The questions were semantic questions and were discussed openly with the athletes and coaches to gain valid results. The results were considered not significant with a P value of 0.7704 highlighting that females and males are coached and motivated the same as one another by their coaches.
Introduction
Motivation is defined as “the intensity and direction of one 's effort” (Sage 1977). Direction refers to the decision an athlete makes to commit and to turn up to training on a regular basis. The intensity is about how much effort athletes are prepared to give in each training session. In sport, these dimensions are related too by committed athletes attending training on a regular basis and working hard during their sessions. Motivation is a combination of the drive within us to achieve our aims/goals alongside the external factors which affect it. It comes in two forms known as intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation.
Intrinsic motivation comes from within, it is internal. It is the desire needed, in order to perform well and succeed. It can be a feeling of pride and enjoyment in performing a new skill and learning a new technique or a feeling of accomplishment when overcoming a problem or task. For this to occur, SMART goals must be set.
Extrinsic motivation comes from outside the athlete. It may be social sources such as not wanting to disappoint parents and coaches, or tangible rewards such as trophies and money. Extrinsically motivated athletes tend to focus on the competitiveness or individual performance outcome instead of the
Bibliography: Bhasin, H. (2010, January 4). Achievement motivation theory. Retrieved February 29th, 2012, from Marketing91: http://www.marketing91.com/achievement-motivation-theory/ Bird, B Callahan, R. (2011, December 20). Differences Between Motivating Female and Male Athletes. Retrieved April 10, 2012, from Livestrong.com: http://www.livestrong.com/article/404209-differences-between-motivating-female-male-athletes/ David M DeBoer, K. J. (2004). Gender and Competition: how men and women approach work and play differently. USA: Coaches Choice. Deci, E. L. (2002). Handbook of Self-Determination Research, Rocherster. University of Rochester Press. , 199-204. Dorrance, A. 1996. Training Soccer Champions, JTC Sports. Raleigh, NC. (n.d.). Gosselin, D. C. (2003). Gender Issues Related to Males Coaching Female Athletes. Retrieved April 10, 2012, from ymcalincoln.org: http://ymcalincoln.org/youth/soccer/spirit/Storage/CNgender.pdf Gould, R Helgesen, S. (1995). The Female Advantage; the womens way of leadership. USA: Doubleday Currency. Livestrong.com. (2012). The Differences in Female & Male Athletes. Retrieved January 31, 2012, from Livestrong.com: http://www.livestrong.com/article/367643-the-differences-in-female-male-athletes/ M, T., & Mayerberg, C Mason, D. N. (2001). Leadership Styles and Sex of Coaches: What do Athletes Prefer? The International Journal of Sport and Society , 161-172. Parkhouse, B. W. (1986). Differential effects of sex and status on evaluation of coaching ability. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport Mar 1986: Vol. 57 Issue 1. , 53-59.