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Sistemi Gjuhesor I Saussure Sipas Kendveshtrimit Strukturalist

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Sistemi Gjuhesor I Saussure Sipas Kendveshtrimit Strukturalist
SITEMI GJUHËSOR I SAUSSURE I PARË NGA KËNDVËSHTRIMI STRUKTURALIST DHE PASSTRUKTURALIST

Dallimi që Sosyr bëri ndërmjet fjalëve “gjuhë” dhe “ligjërim” në librin e tij “Kursi I Gjuhësisë së Përgjithshme” shënoi fillimin e perdorimit të termit “Strukturë” në fushën e gjuhësisë; si dhe shërbeu si një udhërrëfyes për shumë gjuhëtarë të tjerë. Në thelb të Gjuhësisë së Saussure është pohimi në vijim: Një gjuhë është një sistem në të cilin të gjitha elementet përshtaten me njëri-tjetrin, dhe ku vlera e e çdo elementi varet nga bashkëjetesa e njëkohshme me të gjithë të tjerët (Saussure, 1983, f. 113). Harris (1983, f. ix) shkruan se ideja që Saussure hodhi mbi lidhjen që ekzistonte mes gjuhës dhe strukturës bëri të mundur që libri i “Kursit të Gjuhësisë së Përgjithshme” të zinte “një vend me rëndësi të veçantë në historinë e të menduarit Perëndimor" dhe të bëhej një ndër tekstet më të rëndësishme "jo vetëm në zhvillimin e gjuhësisë, por edhe në formimin e asaj lëvizje të gjerë intelektuale të shekullit të njëzetë të njohur si 'Strukturalizmi". Në Kursin e Gjuhësisë së Përgjithshme, Saussure (1983) propozoi një model shkencor të gjuhës, si një sistem të mbyllur elementesh dhe rregullash që mund të përshkruhet në mënyrë krejtësisht të pavarur nga subjektiviteti psikologjik i çdo përdoruesi të veçantë të asaj gjuhe. Për shembull, në qoftë se Saussure do të analizonte një paragraf të një teksti të shkruar cfarëdo, ai nuk do të ishte i interesuar në mendimet e veçanta apo unike që autori i atij teksti ka hedhur në letër, apo fjalë të veçanta të tekstit që paraqiten para syve të lexuesit. Përkundrazi, Saussure do të përpiqej të përshkruante atë sistem gjuhe që të dyja palët - si autori që e ka shkruar tekstin, ashtu dhe lexuesi duhet të kenë të të përbashkët për të bërë te mundur këtë komunikim, dhe në veçanti, rregullat me të cilat një sistem i tillë është i qeverisur.

Passtrukturalizmi, jo vetëm që e diskuton strukturalizmin, por e thelloi edhe më tej

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