SFDAG
Experimental Data
A. THE ANALOGUE: Nuts and Bolts
Table 4.2. Mass of nuts and bolts
Mass of nuts (g)
4.126
Mass of bolts (g)
24.176
Mass of nut-and-bolt pairs
14.000
Table 4.3. Summary of results on nuts and bolts.
B. THE TARGET: Reaction of Sodium Carbonate and Calcium Chloride.
Table 4.4. Observations from the reaction between Na2CO3 and CaCL2.
Sample
Observations
Na2CO3 solution
COLORLESS
CaCL2 solution
COLORLESS
Na2CO3 + few drops of CaCL2
Produced a cloudy, white mixture
After Filtration
Precipitate
WHITE
Filtrate
COLORLESS
C. FILTRATE TEST
Table 4.5. The filtrate test.
Condition
Observations
Filtrate + CaCL2
COLORLESS SOLUTION
Filtrate + Na2CO3
FORMATION OF WHITE PRECIPITATE
Table 4.6. Summary of the filtrate test.
Group No.
Color of filtrate
Filtrate + CaCl2
Filtrate + Na2CO3
Limiting Reagent
Excess Reagent
1
COLORLESS
COLORLESS
WHITE PRECIPITATE FORMED
Na2CO3
CaCl2
2
COLORLESS
COLORLESS
WHITE PRECIPITATE FORMED
Na2CO3
CaCl2
3
COLORLESS
COLORLESS
COLORLESS
NONE
NONE
4
COLORLESS
WHITE
COLORLESS
Na2CO3
CaCl2
5
COLORLESS
WHITE
COLORLESS
Na2CO3
CaCl2
6
COLORLESS
WHITE
COLORLESS
CaCl2
Na2CO3
7
COLORLESS
WHITE
COLORLESS
Na2CO3
CaCl2
8
COLORLESS
WHITE
COLORLESS
CaCl2
Na2CO3
D. The Mass of the Precipitate
Mass of beaker (g)
110.735
Mass of filter paper (g)
1.065
Mass of beaker, filter paper and precipitate (g)
Mass of precipitate (g)
Mass of sodium carbonate used (g)
0.1
Mass of calcium chloride (g)
0.4
Table 4.8. Summary of results.
Group No.
Mass Na2CO3 (g)
Mass CaCl2 (g)
Moles Na2CO3
Moles CaCl2
Mass of precipitate, experimental (g)
Expected mass of precipitate (g)
1
0.1
0.406
9.43 x 10-4
3.66 x 10-3
0.095
2
0.2
0.402
1.89 x 10-3
3.62 x 10-3
0.19
3
0.304
0.402
2.87 x 10-3
3.62 x 10-3
0.29
4
0.4
0.404
3.77 x 10-3
3.64 x 10-3
0.36
5
0.504
0.402
4.72 x 10-3
3.60 x 10-3
0.36
6
0.6
0.401
5.66 x 10-3
A. THE ANALOGUE: Nuts and Bolts
Table 4.2. Mass of nuts and bolts
Mass of nuts (g)
4.126
Mass of bolts (g)
24.176
Mass of nut-and-bolt pairs
14.000
Table 4.3. Summary of results on nuts and bolts.
B. THE TARGET: Reaction of Sodium Carbonate and Calcium Chloride.
Table 4.4. Observations from the reaction between Na2CO3 and CaCL2.
Sample
Observations
Na2CO3 solution
COLORLESS
CaCL2 solution
COLORLESS
Na2CO3 + few drops of CaCL2
Produced a cloudy, white mixture
After Filtration
Precipitate
WHITE
Filtrate
COLORLESS
C. FILTRATE TEST
Table 4.5. The filtrate test.
Condition
Observations
Filtrate + CaCL2
COLORLESS SOLUTION
Filtrate + Na2CO3
FORMATION OF WHITE PRECIPITATE
Table 4.6. Summary of the filtrate test.
Group No.
Color of filtrate
Filtrate + CaCl2
Filtrate + Na2CO3
Limiting Reagent
Excess Reagent
1
COLORLESS
COLORLESS
WHITE PRECIPITATE FORMED
Na2CO3
CaCl2
2
COLORLESS
COLORLESS
WHITE PRECIPITATE FORMED
Na2CO3
CaCl2
3
COLORLESS
COLORLESS
COLORLESS
NONE
NONE
4
COLORLESS
WHITE
COLORLESS
Na2CO3
CaCl2
5
COLORLESS
WHITE
COLORLESS
Na2CO3
CaCl2
6
COLORLESS
WHITE
COLORLESS
CaCl2
Na2CO3
7
COLORLESS
WHITE
COLORLESS
Na2CO3
CaCl2
8
COLORLESS
WHITE
COLORLESS
CaCl2
Na2CO3
D. The Mass of the Precipitate
Mass of beaker (g)
110.735
Mass of filter paper (g)
1.065
Mass of beaker, filter paper and precipitate (g)
Mass of precipitate (g)
Mass of sodium carbonate used (g)
0.1
Mass of calcium chloride (g)
0.4
Table 4.8. Summary of results.
Group No.
Mass Na2CO3 (g)
Mass CaCl2 (g)
Moles Na2CO3
Moles CaCl2
Mass of precipitate, experimental (g)
Expected mass of precipitate (g)
1
0.1
0.406
9.43 x 10-4
3.66 x 10-3
0.095
2
0.2
0.402
1.89 x 10-3
3.62 x 10-3
0.19
3
0.304
0.402
2.87 x 10-3
3.62 x 10-3
0.29
4
0.4
0.404
3.77 x 10-3
3.64 x 10-3
0.36
5
0.504
0.402
4.72 x 10-3
3.60 x 10-3
0.36
6
0.6
0.401
5.66 x 10-3