Sciece Fair Essay: Bacteria That Grow in Spoiled Goats Milk, Sheeps Milk, Skim Milk, and 2% Milk
Bacteria that Grow in Milk
Jennifer Beagley and Katie Anderson
Starr’s Mill High School 193 Panther Path
Fayetteville, Georgia 30215
10th Grade
Table of Contents 1. Abstract 15 2. Introduction 1-3 3. Materials 4 4. Procedures 5-6 5. Results 7 6. Discussion8-9 7. Conclusion 10 8. Acknowledgments 11 9. Bibliography 12 10. Appendix 13 11. Forms 14
Introduction
The type of bacteria found in milk can help society in many ways. For example, if testing goat’s milk, sheep’s milk, skim milk, and two percent milk, and the results are similar, and then the basic structure of the milks DNA is similar. This conclusion can come in use when products are being tested on cows, sheep, and goats. Also, this experiment can be useful in knowing if the bacteria that have a possibility of growing in the milk people drink everyday, is safe or harmful.
Bacteria are prokaryotic cells. They feed on dead organic matter, chemosynthesis, or photosynthesis. A small amount of bacteria are parasitic, however the majority is not. Bacteria can be found almost anywhere on the planet. Bacteria can be categorized into four basic shapes. Bacilli (rod-shaped bacteria) may appear individually or attached end-to-end to form chains. Cocci (sphere-shaped bacteria) usually adhere to one another directly after cell division to form random clusters. Spirilla (spiral-shaped bacteria) have two different shapes. They can appear as short, bent rods or as long, rigid spirals. “Filaments are colorless, long, multicellular threads, (with or without cross walls). Some have slow gliding locomotion. (Rainis 43)
When looking at a bacterial sample under a microscope, the experimenter has to stain the bacteria first. The stain serves to define the bacterial cells. All bacteria are either gram negative or gram positive. To stain a sample first the scientist has to “set” the sample. Setting the sample is the basis for all stains. To “set” or simple-stain a sample of
Jennifer Beagley and Katie Anderson
Starr’s Mill High School 193 Panther Path
Fayetteville, Georgia 30215
10th Grade
Table of Contents 1. Abstract 15 2. Introduction 1-3 3. Materials 4 4. Procedures 5-6 5. Results 7 6. Discussion8-9 7. Conclusion 10 8. Acknowledgments 11 9. Bibliography 12 10. Appendix 13 11. Forms 14
Introduction
The type of bacteria found in milk can help society in many ways. For example, if testing goat’s milk, sheep’s milk, skim milk, and two percent milk, and the results are similar, and then the basic structure of the milks DNA is similar. This conclusion can come in use when products are being tested on cows, sheep, and goats. Also, this experiment can be useful in knowing if the bacteria that have a possibility of growing in the milk people drink everyday, is safe or harmful.
Bacteria are prokaryotic cells. They feed on dead organic matter, chemosynthesis, or photosynthesis. A small amount of bacteria are parasitic, however the majority is not. Bacteria can be found almost anywhere on the planet. Bacteria can be categorized into four basic shapes. Bacilli (rod-shaped bacteria) may appear individually or attached end-to-end to form chains. Cocci (sphere-shaped bacteria) usually adhere to one another directly after cell division to form random clusters. Spirilla (spiral-shaped bacteria) have two different shapes. They can appear as short, bent rods or as long, rigid spirals. “Filaments are colorless, long, multicellular threads, (with or without cross walls). Some have slow gliding locomotion. (Rainis 43)
When looking at a bacterial sample under a microscope, the experimenter has to stain the bacteria first. The stain serves to define the bacterial cells. All bacteria are either gram negative or gram positive. To stain a sample first the scientist has to “set” the sample. Setting the sample is the basis for all stains. To “set” or simple-stain a sample of
Bibliography: Almeida, Raul. Foodborne Pathogens in Milk and the Dairy Farm Environment. N.d. web. 6 September 2012. Goff, Douglas. Dairy Microbiology. University of Guelph. N.d. 4 September 2012. Kanade, Shrinivas. Pathogenic Bacteria in Milk. Buzzle. 27 August 2011. Web. 5 September 2012. Kelleher, Kevin. Bacterial Stains. N.d. web. 24 August 2012. Koo, Ingrid. Got Milk Microbes? Medical Review Board. 21 November 2008.web. 4 September 2012. Nordo, Dan. “Establishing the Connection Between Germs and Disease.” Encyclopedia. 1991. Print. Rainis, Kenneth G. Guide to Microlife. Canada: Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data, 1996. Print. Ricciuti, Edward R. “Microorganisms: The Unseen World.” Connecticut: Blackbirch Press, 1994.print. Sutherland, Mark. Microbiology Techniques. Hendrix College. N.d. web. 5 September 2012. Xu, George. How to do Gram Stains. University of Pennsylvania. 31 October qq1997.web. 6 September 2012.