Rural - Urban Migration and Ways of Stopping the Migration
Rural-urban linkage generally refers to the growing flow of public and private capital, people (migration and commuting) and goods (trade) between urban and rural areas. It is important to add to these the flow of ideas, the flow of information and diffusion of innovation. Adequate infrastructure such as transportation, communication, energy and basic services is the backbone of the urban-rural development linkage approach (Tacoli, 2004). There is a positive relationship between adequacy of transportation infrastructure, ease of mobility and access to employment and enhancement of income. Adequate investments in infrastructure, particularly transportation infrastructure, also improve rural productivity and allow access to markets, jobs and public service by both men and women. (2nd FIG Regional Conference, 2003)
Rural urban linkages have several definitions, out of a desire to express the nature as clearly and concisely as possible. Thereby more recently social scientists, economists, architects and urban planners have been compelled to work together in the rural–urban interface concept seen as the interaction between the two spheres and an explicit acceptance of spatial coexistence of both. Worries are the necessity to feed and water supply the rising numbers of people that arrive in the cities every day, and also the need to find the best solutions to integrate complementary realms in order to ameliorate policies and governance (Madaleno et al., 2004).
There are different perspectives on “urban” currently adopted in mainland Tanzania:
Politico-administrative perspective
Adopted by the Prime Minister’s Office- Regional Administration and Local Government, a human settlement perspective embraced by the Ministry of Lands and Human Settlements Development and a statistical perspective adopted by the National Bureau of Statistics, The three perspectives differ primarily in their spatial unit of analysis. It applies its own categorization of “urban” to
Rural urban linkages have several definitions, out of a desire to express the nature as clearly and concisely as possible. Thereby more recently social scientists, economists, architects and urban planners have been compelled to work together in the rural–urban interface concept seen as the interaction between the two spheres and an explicit acceptance of spatial coexistence of both. Worries are the necessity to feed and water supply the rising numbers of people that arrive in the cities every day, and also the need to find the best solutions to integrate complementary realms in order to ameliorate policies and governance (Madaleno et al., 2004).
There are different perspectives on “urban” currently adopted in mainland Tanzania:
Politico-administrative perspective
Adopted by the Prime Minister’s Office- Regional Administration and Local Government, a human settlement perspective embraced by the Ministry of Lands and Human Settlements Development and a statistical perspective adopted by the National Bureau of Statistics, The three perspectives differ primarily in their spatial unit of analysis. It applies its own categorization of “urban” to
References: Baker, J (1995) Survival and accumulation strategies at the rural-urban interface in northwest Tanzania, in Environment and Urbanization 7:1 Bryceson, D Cecilia Tacoli (2004) Rural-Urban Linkages and Pro-Poor Agricultural Growth an over view. IIED, London, also available at http://www.iied.org/urban/pubs/rururb_wp.html International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) 2nd Regional Conference (2003) GRAD (2001) Potentialités et conflicts dans les zones péri urbaines: le cas de Bamako au Mali, Isserman, Andrew M (2005) Johnston, Bruce, and William C. Clark (1982). Redesigning rural development: A strategic perspective. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. Masuda R.J., Garvin Theresa, (2008), who’s Heartland? The politics of place at the rural- urban interface, in Journal of Rural Studies, 24, 118-123; Miller, Kathleen K (2006) Tacoli, C and D Satterthwaite (2003) The urban part of rural development Rural-Urban Working Paper 9, IIED, London; also available at http://www.iied.org/urban/pubs/rururb_wp.html Przemyslaw Kulawczuk (2001)