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Revolution of Science

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Revolution of Science
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PH133: Revolution of Science
What is modern science? * Study of nature that is observable empirical mathematics * No straight-out definition * It used to be called “Natural Philosophy” before “Science” * Science was first used in 1830 by William Whewhell
Bacon’s Inductive Method 1. Ancient 2. Medieval 3. Renaissance 4. Modern 5. Contemporary
Pythagoras: universe was made up of numbers
Lenappus Democritus: The universe was made up of atomos
The revolution of science * Historical background * Ancient and Medieval Science in the Western World * Empedocles: He was first formulated the notion that the universe was made up of 4 elements * Earth * Air * Water * Fire

Kosmos: Physical universe with unity, order and beauty, bringing the unity of the four elements
Khaos: Chaos, opposite * Aristotle: 4 other factors which brought out effects in the universe (phenomena) * Dry * Wet * Cold * Hot * Hippocrates: 4 bodily humors * Blood * Phlegm * Yellow bile * Black bile
Teleological: Things have a purpose
Deductive: Understanding from a general perspective to the specific.
Aristotle:
* There were only 5 planets in the universe * Sun, moon, stars * The stars were divided into two kinds: fixed and those that were wandering
Claudius Ptolemy: * Aristotelian-Ptolemaic cosmology * 2 sets of physical matter * Terrestrial (Earth, water, fire air) * Changing * Finite * Celestial (Planets) * Constant * Fifth element: Aether * 2 sets of physical motion: * Terrestrial: gravity, immutable, eternal * Celestial: Uniform, circular motion * Geocentric Cosmology: Everything revolves around the earth and everything
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