Review Sheet Exercise 37b
Terms Definitions
What activity are you simulating when you click the ERV button? What additional muscles are used?
Maximal exhalation; internal intercostal and abdominal wall muscles
What does the pump rate simulate?
The number of beats per minute (BPM) stimulates respiratory rate
How did changing the radius effect FEV (%)?
FEV decreased in response to decrease in radius
What effect does the addition of surfactant have on the airflow?
AIrflow increases because resistance is reduced.
Why does surfactant affect airflow?
It decreases surface tension in the alveoli making it easier for the alveoli to increase surface area for gas exchange.
Why do premature infants have difficulty breathing?
Premature infants don't produce surfactant or produce a very small amount.
What effect does opening the valve have on the left lung? Why does this happen?
The left lungs collapsed because intrapleural and atmospheric pressure equaled.
What condition does opening the valve simulate?
Pneumothorax
What is the pressure in the left lung when the valve is opened?
Zero
What happned to the total flow when the valve was opened?
Reduced significantly
When the reset button was clicked, what procedure would be used with real lungs?
Insertion of a chest tube, which removes air from the pleural cavity.
How is the PCO2 in rapid breathing compare with normal breathing?
PCO2 is LOWER in rapid breathing because more CO2 is expelled.
What happned to the rate of respirations with rebreathing? Why?
Rate of respiration was FASTER; because increase in CO2 causes an increase in breathing rate.
How was PCO2 with breath holding?
PCO2 significantly increased during breath holding then decreased when normal breathing resumed.
Was there a change in the rate of respiration when breath holding was resumed?
Yes. The rate of respiration INCREASED.
What effect did "emphysema breathing" have on FCV and FEV?
Both FCV and FEV DECREASED
What activity are you simulating when you click the ERV button? What additional muscles are used?
Maximal exhalation; internal intercostal and abdominal wall muscles
What does the pump rate simulate?
The number of beats per minute (BPM) stimulates respiratory rate
How did changing the radius effect FEV (%)?
FEV decreased in response to decrease in radius
What effect does the addition of surfactant have on the airflow?
AIrflow increases because resistance is reduced.
Why does surfactant affect airflow?
It decreases surface tension in the alveoli making it easier for the alveoli to increase surface area for gas exchange.
Why do premature infants have difficulty breathing?
Premature infants don't produce surfactant or produce a very small amount.
What effect does opening the valve have on the left lung? Why does this happen?
The left lungs collapsed because intrapleural and atmospheric pressure equaled.
What condition does opening the valve simulate?
Pneumothorax
What is the pressure in the left lung when the valve is opened?
Zero
What happned to the total flow when the valve was opened?
Reduced significantly
When the reset button was clicked, what procedure would be used with real lungs?
Insertion of a chest tube, which removes air from the pleural cavity.
How is the PCO2 in rapid breathing compare with normal breathing?
PCO2 is LOWER in rapid breathing because more CO2 is expelled.
What happned to the rate of respirations with rebreathing? Why?
Rate of respiration was FASTER; because increase in CO2 causes an increase in breathing rate.
How was PCO2 with breath holding?
PCO2 significantly increased during breath holding then decreased when normal breathing resumed.
Was there a change in the rate of respiration when breath holding was resumed?
Yes. The rate of respiration INCREASED.
What effect did "emphysema breathing" have on FCV and FEV?
Both FCV and FEV DECREASED