Reinforcement Theory
REINFORCEMENT THEORY * It states that individual in the organization will be motivated to exhibit the model behavior if positive incentives or rewards are provided. * Behavior that is positively reinforced will be given more attention, learned better and performed more often. * It states that individual in the organization will be motivated to exhibit the model behavior if positive incentives or rewards are provided. * Behavior that is positively reinforced will be given more attention, learned better and performed more often. * Reinforcement play central role in learning process.
We shape behavior by systematically reinforcing each successive step that moves individual closer to desired response.
TYPES OF REINFORCEMENT
PROCEDURE | OPERATIONALIZATION | BEHAVIORAL EFFECT | Positive Reinforcement | Boss praises employee for job well done | Increase in desired behavior | Negative reinforcement | Manager criticizes subordinates for dressing informally | Increase in desired behavior | Punishment | Manager increases employee workload each time work is handed in late | Decrease in undesired behavior | Extinction | Manager ignores the employee when work is handed in late | Decrease in undesired behavior |
Positive Reinforcement
* When the employees work hard, perform their work well and bring some interests for the organization, the organization will give some rewards to motivate them. Following a response with something pleasant is Positive Reinforcement. * Reward for desired behavior. * Primary: Reinforcements which have direct beneficial consequences e.g. food, clothing. Secondary: Brings benefits which have different meaning for different people e.g. recognition
Negative Reinforcement
* When the employees have some problems, he/she does not work hard and brought some losses for the organization * Also known as “ Avoidance Learning” or “Escape Conditioning” *
We shape behavior by systematically reinforcing each successive step that moves individual closer to desired response.
TYPES OF REINFORCEMENT
PROCEDURE | OPERATIONALIZATION | BEHAVIORAL EFFECT | Positive Reinforcement | Boss praises employee for job well done | Increase in desired behavior | Negative reinforcement | Manager criticizes subordinates for dressing informally | Increase in desired behavior | Punishment | Manager increases employee workload each time work is handed in late | Decrease in undesired behavior | Extinction | Manager ignores the employee when work is handed in late | Decrease in undesired behavior |
Positive Reinforcement
* When the employees work hard, perform their work well and bring some interests for the organization, the organization will give some rewards to motivate them. Following a response with something pleasant is Positive Reinforcement. * Reward for desired behavior. * Primary: Reinforcements which have direct beneficial consequences e.g. food, clothing. Secondary: Brings benefits which have different meaning for different people e.g. recognition
Negative Reinforcement
* When the employees have some problems, he/she does not work hard and brought some losses for the organization * Also known as “ Avoidance Learning” or “Escape Conditioning” *