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Table of Contents
1. Introduction Computer science
Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations
Computer science is the scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications. A computer scientist specializes in the theory of computation and the design of computational systems.
Its subfields can be divided into a variety of theoretical and practical disciplines. some fields, such as computational complexity theory (which explores the fundamental properties of computational problems), are highly abstract, whilst fields such as computer graphics emphasize real-world applications. Still other fields focus on the challenges in implementing computation. For example, programming language theory considers various approaches to the description of computation, whilst the study of computer programming itself investigates various aspects of the use of programming language and complex systems. Human-computer interaction considers the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable, and universally accessible to humans.
2. History
Charles Babbage is credited with inventing the first mechanical computer.
Ada Lovelace is credited with writing the first algorithm intended for processing on a computer.
The earliest foundations of what would become computer science predate the invention of the modern digital computer. Machines for calculating fixed numerical tasks such as the abacus have existed since antiquity. Wilhelm Schickard designed the first mechanical calculator in 1623 but did not complete its construction. Blaise Pascal designed and constructed the first working mechanical calculator, the Pascaline, in 1642. In 1694 Gottfried
1. Introduction Computer science
Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations
Computer science is the scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications. A computer scientist specializes in the theory of computation and the design of computational systems.
Its subfields can be divided into a variety of theoretical and practical disciplines. some fields, such as computational complexity theory (which explores the fundamental properties of computational problems), are highly abstract, whilst fields such as computer graphics emphasize real-world applications. Still other fields focus on the challenges in implementing computation. For example, programming language theory considers various approaches to the description of computation, whilst the study of computer programming itself investigates various aspects of the use of programming language and complex systems. Human-computer interaction considers the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable, and universally accessible to humans.
2. History
Charles Babbage is credited with inventing the first mechanical computer.
Ada Lovelace is credited with writing the first algorithm intended for processing on a computer.
The earliest foundations of what would become computer science predate the invention of the modern digital computer. Machines for calculating fixed numerical tasks such as the abacus have existed since antiquity. Wilhelm Schickard designed the first mechanical calculator in 1623 but did not complete its construction. Blaise Pascal designed and constructed the first working mechanical calculator, the Pascaline, in 1642. In 1694 Gottfried
References: 2. ^ Nigel Tout (2006). "Calculator Timeline". Vintage Calculator Web Museum. http://www.vintagecalculators.com/html/calculator_time-line.html. Retrieved 2006-09-18. 6. ^ abcDenning, P.J. (2000). "Computer Science: The Discipline" (PDF). Encyclopedia of Computer Science. Archived from the original on 2006-05-25. http://web.archive.org/web/20060525195404/http://www.idi.ntnu.no/emner/dif8916/denning.pdf. 8. ^Computer science pioneer Samuel D. Conte dies at 85 July 1, 2002 9. ^ abLevy, Steven (1984) 10. ^ abDavid Kahn, The Code breakers, 1967, ISBN 0-684-83130-9. 16. ^ Wegner, P. (October 13–15, 1976). "Research paradigms in computer scien9. ^ abLevy, Steven (1984). Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-19195-2. 10. ^ abDavid Kahn, The Code breakers, 1967, ISBN 0-684-83130-9. 13. ^Abelson, H.; G.J. Sussman with J. Sussman (1996). Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs (2nd ed.). MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-01153-0. 14. ^Black box traders are on the march The Telegraph, August 26, 2006 15. ^"The Impact of High Frequency Trading on an Electronic Market" 17. ^ Denning, P. J.; Comer, D. E.; Gries, D.; Mulder, M. C.; Tucker, A.; Turner, A. J.; Young, P. R. (Jan 1989). "Computing as a discipline". Communications of the ACM32: 9–23. doi:10.1145/63238.63239. volume = 64 edit 18. ^ Eden, A 19. ^ Louis Fine (1959). "The Role of the University in Computers, Data Processing, and Related Fields". Communications of the ACM2 (9): 7–14. doi:10.1145/368424.368427. 20. ^ id., p. 11 21. ^Donald Knuth (1972) 22. ^ Matti Tedre (2006). The Development of Computer Science: A Sociocultural Perspective, p.260 23. ^ Peter Naur (1966) 28. ^ M. Tedre (2011) Computing as a Science: A Survey of Competing Viewpoints, Minds and Machines 21(3), 361-387 29. ^ Parnas, D 30. ^ ab Computing Sciences Accreditation Board (28 May 1997). "Computer Science as a Profession". Archived from the original on 2008-06-17. http://web.archive.org/web/20080617030847/http://www.csab.org/comp_sci_profession.html. Retrieved 2010-05-23. 32. ^"Csab, Inc". Csab.org. 2011-08-03. http://www.csab.org/. Retrieved 2011-11-19. "Computer Software Engineer."U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, n.d. Web. 05 Feb. 2013. • Edwin D. Reilly (2003). Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-57356-521-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=JTYPKxug49IC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false. • Peter J. Denning, Great principles in computing curricula, Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, 2004. • Joint Task Force of Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Association for Information Systems (AIS) and IEEE Computer Society (IEEE-CS). Computing Curricula 2005: The Overview Report. September 30, 2005.