Production Design
Standardization
Extent to which there is an absence of variety in a product, service or process.
Advantages of Standardization * Fewer parts to deal with in inventory & manufacturing * Less costly to fill orders from inventory * Reduced training costs and time * More routine purchasing, handling, and inspection procedures * Opportunities for long production runs, automation * Need for fewer parts justify increased expenditures on perfecting designs and improving quality control procedures.
Disadvantages of Standardization * Decreased variety results in less consumer appeal. * Designs may be frozen with too many imperfections remaining. * High cost of design changes increases resistance to improvements * Who likes optimal Keyboards? * Standard systems are more vulnerable to failure * Epidemics: People with non-standard immune system stop the plagues. * Computer security: Computers with non-standard software stop the dissemination of viruses.
Design for: a) Manufacturing
Design for Manufacturing (DFM) and design for assembly (DFA) are the integration of product design and process planning into one common activity. The goal is to design a product that is easily and economically manufactured. The importance of designing for manufacturing is underlined by the fact that about 70% of manufacturing costs of a product (cost of materials, processing, and assembly) are determined by design decisions, with production decisions (such as process planning or machine tool selection) responsible for only 20%.
The heart of any design for manufacturing system is a group of design principles or guidelines that are structured to help the designer reduce the cost and difficulty of manufacturing an item. The following is a listing of these rules:
1. 2. Reduce the total number of parts. 3. Develop a modular design. 4. Use of standard components. 5. Design parts to be
Extent to which there is an absence of variety in a product, service or process.
Advantages of Standardization * Fewer parts to deal with in inventory & manufacturing * Less costly to fill orders from inventory * Reduced training costs and time * More routine purchasing, handling, and inspection procedures * Opportunities for long production runs, automation * Need for fewer parts justify increased expenditures on perfecting designs and improving quality control procedures.
Disadvantages of Standardization * Decreased variety results in less consumer appeal. * Designs may be frozen with too many imperfections remaining. * High cost of design changes increases resistance to improvements * Who likes optimal Keyboards? * Standard systems are more vulnerable to failure * Epidemics: People with non-standard immune system stop the plagues. * Computer security: Computers with non-standard software stop the dissemination of viruses.
Design for: a) Manufacturing
Design for Manufacturing (DFM) and design for assembly (DFA) are the integration of product design and process planning into one common activity. The goal is to design a product that is easily and economically manufactured. The importance of designing for manufacturing is underlined by the fact that about 70% of manufacturing costs of a product (cost of materials, processing, and assembly) are determined by design decisions, with production decisions (such as process planning or machine tool selection) responsible for only 20%.
The heart of any design for manufacturing system is a group of design principles or guidelines that are structured to help the designer reduce the cost and difficulty of manufacturing an item. The following is a listing of these rules:
1. 2. Reduce the total number of parts. 3. Develop a modular design. 4. Use of standard components. 5. Design parts to be