Probability Lab Report
Introduction: The purpose of this lab is to apply Mendel’s laws to predict the probability of the occurrence of a single event, of two independent events and of certain traits in offspring of parents exhibiting traits. Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk in 1866, who studied how traits were passed using pea plants. From his studies of inheritance, he created three laws of inheritance: the law of dominance, the law of segregation, and the law of independent assortment. He called genes ‘’factors’’ and believed the controlled every trait. The law of dominance states that the dominant gene prevents the appearance of the recessive gene. The law of segregation states that during gamete formation, the pair of genes separate, do that each gamete has
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Independent Events Occurring Simultaneously
8. According to the law of probability, when there are four likely outcomes from a procedure, the probability that one of the outcomes will occur is ¼ or 25% we can see how this is calculate. For examples we know that in tossing two pennies, the probability of heads occurring on one penny is ½. The probability of head occurring on both pennies is ½ x ½ = ¼.
9. Using the law of probability, predict the expected outcomes of tossing two pennies. Record the expected outcomes in the proper column in Table 2. Calculate the percent of the total that each combination is expected to occur. To find the percent, divide each expected number by 40 and multiply 100. Enter these numbers in the proper column.
10. Toss two pennies simultaneously 40 times. Have your partner keep track of how many times heads/heads, heads/tails, tails/tails occur. Count tails/heads and heads/tails together. Record the number for each combination in the observed column in Table 2 in your worksheet.
11. Calculate the percent of the total that each combination heads/heads, heads/tails, or tails/tails) occurred and record it in the proper column in Table 2. To find the percent, divide each observed number by 40 and multiply by …show more content…
In Part 1, what was the expected ratio of heads to tails for tosses of a single coin? 1:1. Did your results always agree with the expected ratio? If not, what would be a reason for the deviation?
My results did not always agree with the expected ratio and the reason for the deviation would be that the principles of probability made it possible to get either sides of the coin a 50:50 chance but it’s not probable.
2. Compare the deviations from the expected for 20, 30, and 50 tosses. What seems to be the relationship between sample size and deviation? In other words, as the sample size increases, what happens to the size of the deviation?
As the sample size increased the size of the deviation decreased, but my results were very close to the expected numbers.
3. In part 2, what was the probability that tails would appear on both coins? 25%. How did you arrive at this answer?
HH Ht tt H I arrived at this answer by creating a punnet square which revealed that out of the four sections one was purely recessive (tails) and ¼ equals
Independent Events Occurring Simultaneously
8. According to the law of probability, when there are four likely outcomes from a procedure, the probability that one of the outcomes will occur is ¼ or 25% we can see how this is calculate. For examples we know that in tossing two pennies, the probability of heads occurring on one penny is ½. The probability of head occurring on both pennies is ½ x ½ = ¼.
9. Using the law of probability, predict the expected outcomes of tossing two pennies. Record the expected outcomes in the proper column in Table 2. Calculate the percent of the total that each combination is expected to occur. To find the percent, divide each expected number by 40 and multiply 100. Enter these numbers in the proper column.
10. Toss two pennies simultaneously 40 times. Have your partner keep track of how many times heads/heads, heads/tails, tails/tails occur. Count tails/heads and heads/tails together. Record the number for each combination in the observed column in Table 2 in your worksheet.
11. Calculate the percent of the total that each combination heads/heads, heads/tails, or tails/tails) occurred and record it in the proper column in Table 2. To find the percent, divide each observed number by 40 and multiply by …show more content…
In Part 1, what was the expected ratio of heads to tails for tosses of a single coin? 1:1. Did your results always agree with the expected ratio? If not, what would be a reason for the deviation?
My results did not always agree with the expected ratio and the reason for the deviation would be that the principles of probability made it possible to get either sides of the coin a 50:50 chance but it’s not probable.
2. Compare the deviations from the expected for 20, 30, and 50 tosses. What seems to be the relationship between sample size and deviation? In other words, as the sample size increases, what happens to the size of the deviation?
As the sample size increased the size of the deviation decreased, but my results were very close to the expected numbers.
3. In part 2, what was the probability that tails would appear on both coins? 25%. How did you arrive at this answer?
HH Ht tt H I arrived at this answer by creating a punnet square which revealed that out of the four sections one was purely recessive (tails) and ¼ equals