Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Care for Domestic Violence
Running head: Nursing Interventions to Combating Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions
Jason Holt, RN
Grand Canyon University
NRS429V
Diana Anderson, RN, MSNEd, CMSRN
August 27, 2010
Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Approximately 2 million American women are assaulted each year at the hands of their intimate partner and an estimated 1,200 are murdered as a result of intimate partner abuse (Black, M.C, Breiding, M.J. 2008). ”Of females killed with a firearm, almost two-thirds were killed by their intimate partners. The number of females shot and killed by their husband or intimate partner was more than three times higher than the total number murdered by male strangers using all weapons combined in single victim/single offender incidents in 2002” (Campbell, J. et al. 2003). Physical violence against woman is prevalent in all strata of society, affecting all socio-economic, racial, ethnic and religious groups (Black, M.C, Breiding, M.J. 2008). ”Domestic violence could be reduced by as much as 75% if identification and intervention were offered routinely in medical settings” (McFarlane, 1998). The American Nurses Association (ANA) encourages nurses to be educated in the skills necessary to implement primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions to combat domestic violence and its’ sequelae on individuals and society (NYSNA, 2005). The role of the nursing professional is to apply the fundamental nursing principle of health promotion towards prevention and mitigation of the adverse effects on health associated with the widespread and culturally entrenched problem of domestic violence.
Nursing Interventions All areas of nursing practice have the potential for exposure to the domestic violence continuum. Nurses are often in a front line position to detect domestic violence, and can be a catalyst of positive change for women in abusive situations.
Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions
Jason Holt, RN
Grand Canyon University
NRS429V
Diana Anderson, RN, MSNEd, CMSRN
August 27, 2010
Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Approximately 2 million American women are assaulted each year at the hands of their intimate partner and an estimated 1,200 are murdered as a result of intimate partner abuse (Black, M.C, Breiding, M.J. 2008). ”Of females killed with a firearm, almost two-thirds were killed by their intimate partners. The number of females shot and killed by their husband or intimate partner was more than three times higher than the total number murdered by male strangers using all weapons combined in single victim/single offender incidents in 2002” (Campbell, J. et al. 2003). Physical violence against woman is prevalent in all strata of society, affecting all socio-economic, racial, ethnic and religious groups (Black, M.C, Breiding, M.J. 2008). ”Domestic violence could be reduced by as much as 75% if identification and intervention were offered routinely in medical settings” (McFarlane, 1998). The American Nurses Association (ANA) encourages nurses to be educated in the skills necessary to implement primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions to combat domestic violence and its’ sequelae on individuals and society (NYSNA, 2005). The role of the nursing professional is to apply the fundamental nursing principle of health promotion towards prevention and mitigation of the adverse effects on health associated with the widespread and culturally entrenched problem of domestic violence.
Nursing Interventions All areas of nursing practice have the potential for exposure to the domestic violence continuum. Nurses are often in a front line position to detect domestic violence, and can be a catalyst of positive change for women in abusive situations.
References: M.C. Black and M.J. Breiding.Black, (2008) Adverse Health Conditions and Health Risk Behaviors Associated with Intimate Partner Violence --- United States, 2005. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (volume 57, number 5, pages 113-117), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA: February 8, 2008 Retrieved August 27, 2010 from http://www.ncdsv.org/publications_statistics.html (Campbell, J. et al. 2003)Jacquelyn C. Campbell et al., Risk Factors For Femicide in Abusive Relationships: Results From A Multi-Site Case Control Study, 93 Am. J. of Public Health 1089, 1092 (2003), abstract available at http://www.ajph.org/cgi/content/abstract/93/7/1089 ANA Position Statement: Domestic violence. (2005). Retrieved August 27, from http://www.nysna.org/practice/positions/position33.htm McFarlane, J., Soeken, K., Campbell, J. et al. (1998). Severity of abuse to pregnant women and associated gun access of the perpetrator. Public Health Nursing, 15, 201- 206. Transforming Communities: Creating Safty and Justice for Women and Girls. ND. Retrieved August 27, 2010 from http://www.transformcommunities.org/cdvp/CDVP_3d.html World Health Organization (WHO, 2005). Milestones of a Global Campaign for Violence Prevention, p 5. Retrieved August 27, 2010. From http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2005/9241593555_eng.pdf T. Lemmer, M. Grabarek (2005). Michigan Coalition Against Domestic and Sexual Violence: A Vision for Prevention: Key Issues and Statewide Recommendations for the Primary Prevention of Violence Against Women in Michigan. Retrieved August 27, 2010 from National Social Norms Resource Center at http://www.socialnorm.org. Bohn, D. (1996). Sequela of abuse: Health effects of childhood sexual abuse, domestic battering and rape. Journal of Nurse Midwifery, 41, 442-456. American Nurses Association: Code of Ethics for Nurses. Retrieved August 27, 2010 from www.nursingworld.org/.../Ethicsstandards/CodeofEthicsforNurses.aspx