Philippine Presidents
President | Term | Policies | Contributions | | | | Positive | Negative | 1. Emilio Aguinaldo | 1898-1901 | * Fiscal Reform * Education Initiative * Local government reorganization * Constitutional Amendments * Visayan Federation | | | 2. Manuel L. Quezon | 1935-1944 | | | | 3. Jose P. Laurel | 1943-1945 | | | | 4. Sergio S. Osmeña | 1944-1946 | | | | 5. Manuel A. Roxas | 1946-1948 | | | | 6. Elpidio R. Quirino | 1948-1953 | | | | 7. Ramon F. Magsaysay | 1953-1957 | | | | 8. Carlos P. Garcia | 1957-1961 | * Filipino First Policy * Bohlen-Serrano Agreement | Strengthening of democracy in the Philippines; Revival of Filipino culture; Creation of Dr. Jose Rizal Centennial; Fostering international good will and friendship by state visits to Japan, the United States, South Vietnam, and Malaysia. | | 9. Diosdado P. Macapagal | 1961-1965 | * Agricultural Land Reform Code | The propagation of the Filipino language. For the first time it was used in diplomatic passports, diplomatic credentials, school diplomas, traffic signs, and stamps. Also the names of typhoons were Filipinized – Atang, Berta, Kading, etc. ; The date of “Independence Day” in the Philippines was changed from June 4th to June 12th; The official filling of the claim of the Republic of the Philippines over Sabah (North Borneo) on June 22, 1962; Formation of MAPHILINDO | | 10. Ferdinand E. Marcos | 1965-1986 | * Martial Law Measures | Stabilization of government finance by means of more effective collection of taxes, imposing new tax laws, and getting loans from foreign banks and governments; Greater production of rice by promoting the cultivation of “miracle rice” and other fast growing rice seeds, the construction of more irrigation systems, and giving financial and technical assistance to the farmers; Building of more roads and bridges, schoolhouses, and other public works. The Philippine National Railways