Periodontitis
Following gingivitis, periodontitis considered to be the second most common infectious disease of periodontum. Gingivitis is a disease which arise when there is an inflammation in the ginigival epithelium as well in the connective tissue. When this inflammation start to cause destruction in periodontal connective tissue and the bone which support the tooth then this situation called periodontitis. The causative factor for both gingivitis and periodontitis is microbial(1). It is important to know that periodontitis is very common inflammatory disease and believed to be the primary causative factor for tooth loss in old aged group. In fact, many recent studies found that the risk of cardiovascular diseases is increased in individuals who are suffering from periodontitis. The destruction seen
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In the past decades, levels of vitamin D start declining as a result of change in dietary intake because of the reduction in exposure to sunlight (3). Deficiency in vitamin D became a public health issue worldwide. In recent years, about 32% of the population in United Stated have deficiency in vitamin D (4).Several studies have proved that vitamin D has a clear positive effect on periodontal disease, gingival inflammation. It can reduce alveolar bone and attachment loss. It is very likely because of the anti-inflammatory effect(5,6). More recent study described that there is an anti-inflammatory rule of vitamin D as it can prevent T cell proliferation which induced by antigen and can inhibit the production of cytokine(6). Other studies proved that individuals with ideal levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are less about 20 percent in bleeding on probing in comparison with those individuals having low serum levels, this can give clear evidence on the anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin D(3). To evaluate whether there is a relation between vitamin D and periodontitis, this study has been
In the past decades, levels of vitamin D start declining as a result of change in dietary intake because of the reduction in exposure to sunlight (3). Deficiency in vitamin D became a public health issue worldwide. In recent years, about 32% of the population in United Stated have deficiency in vitamin D (4).Several studies have proved that vitamin D has a clear positive effect on periodontal disease, gingival inflammation. It can reduce alveolar bone and attachment loss. It is very likely because of the anti-inflammatory effect(5,6). More recent study described that there is an anti-inflammatory rule of vitamin D as it can prevent T cell proliferation which induced by antigen and can inhibit the production of cytokine(6). Other studies proved that individuals with ideal levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are less about 20 percent in bleeding on probing in comparison with those individuals having low serum levels, this can give clear evidence on the anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin D(3). To evaluate whether there is a relation between vitamin D and periodontitis, this study has been