Perimenopausal Women Essay
majority of perimenopausal women will experience bothersome symptoms due to declining or fluctuating estrogens level in their menopausal transition [1]. Because of a development of medical science, women now live more than one-third of their lifetimes beyond menopausal transition [2]. There are several symptoms associated with menopausal transition but the VMS almost affect 75% of women [3-5]. However, the presentation and severity of VMS varies between each women as in some women with significant physical distress and functional impairment thus requiring medical intervention [2]. Hot flashes present as episodic sensation of heat, intense sweating flushing over face, neck and upper chest followed by palpitation and anxiety [4]. Each episodes of VMS lasted for 3-10 minutes and reoccurred with varying frequency per day [6]. The pathophysiology of VMS still unknown but it was thought that the withdrawal of estrogen rather than the lower level of estrogen is responsible for central thermoregulatory dysfunction and VMS to occur [7]. This mechanism is regulated by many neurotransmitters but norepinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter that lower the thermoregulatory set point and trigger the heat loss mechanism [3].
Hormone …show more content…
Although a great increase in the life expectancy of women, the age at menopause remains constant. The age at menopause is genetically determined and not affected by race, socioeconomic status and age at menarche, or a number of previous ovulation [13]. The average age for the final menstrual period is 51.5 years [14]. The menopausal transition is changes in menstrual cycle and endocrine, beginning with irregular menstrual cycle and increase follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and ends with the Final Menstrual Period. Menopausal transition starts with the loss of follicular activity in wide range of age (42-58 years)
Hormone …show more content…
Although a great increase in the life expectancy of women, the age at menopause remains constant. The age at menopause is genetically determined and not affected by race, socioeconomic status and age at menarche, or a number of previous ovulation [13]. The average age for the final menstrual period is 51.5 years [14]. The menopausal transition is changes in menstrual cycle and endocrine, beginning with irregular menstrual cycle and increase follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and ends with the Final Menstrual Period. Menopausal transition starts with the loss of follicular activity in wide range of age (42-58 years)