Penicillin Production
1. INTRODUCTION
Here stated is the introduction for penicillin notatum which makes clear the reason for selecting this microorganism for this term paper .Species of Penicillium are ubiquitous saprobes, whose numerous conidia are easily distributed through the atmosphere and are common in soils. In soil analyses, using dilution plate techniques, Penicillium species are detected with high frequency (Domsch et al., 1993). However, very little is known of interactions between Penicillium species and other soil fungi, or even on plan growth. Penicillium species generally occurr at greater soil depths than species of other genera, and have low concentrations in rhizosphere soils (Domsch et al., 1993). Some species of Penicillium are well known for their activities to produce antibiotics (e.g. Penicillin), and therefore Penicillium sp. is one of the best researched genera, with regard to biochemistry. All strains of Penicillium so far tested are able to solubilize metaphosphates and utilize them as phosphorus sources (Picci, 1965). Many species have been shown to contain mycoviruses (Bozarth, 1972). There are some reports that Penicillium species can suppress root pathogens; Penicillium chrysogenum has been reported to be able to control Verticillium wilt of tomato, when roots are dipped in a spore suspension before planting (Dutta, 1981). Penicillium notatum has also been reported to inhibit and reduce the number of rust pustules in wheat caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritid (Mishra and Tiwari, 1976). Little is also known about plant growth stimulants produced by Penicillium spp. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate whether P. notatum (KMITL 99) can promote plant growth of Chinese mustard (Brassica campestris var. chinensis), Chinese radish (Raphanus sativas var. longipinnatus) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus). The optimum concentration of spore suspensions for promotion of plant growth was also investigated. 2. Industrial
Here stated is the introduction for penicillin notatum which makes clear the reason for selecting this microorganism for this term paper .Species of Penicillium are ubiquitous saprobes, whose numerous conidia are easily distributed through the atmosphere and are common in soils. In soil analyses, using dilution plate techniques, Penicillium species are detected with high frequency (Domsch et al., 1993). However, very little is known of interactions between Penicillium species and other soil fungi, or even on plan growth. Penicillium species generally occurr at greater soil depths than species of other genera, and have low concentrations in rhizosphere soils (Domsch et al., 1993). Some species of Penicillium are well known for their activities to produce antibiotics (e.g. Penicillin), and therefore Penicillium sp. is one of the best researched genera, with regard to biochemistry. All strains of Penicillium so far tested are able to solubilize metaphosphates and utilize them as phosphorus sources (Picci, 1965). Many species have been shown to contain mycoviruses (Bozarth, 1972). There are some reports that Penicillium species can suppress root pathogens; Penicillium chrysogenum has been reported to be able to control Verticillium wilt of tomato, when roots are dipped in a spore suspension before planting (Dutta, 1981). Penicillium notatum has also been reported to inhibit and reduce the number of rust pustules in wheat caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritid (Mishra and Tiwari, 1976). Little is also known about plant growth stimulants produced by Penicillium spp. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate whether P. notatum (KMITL 99) can promote plant growth of Chinese mustard (Brassica campestris var. chinensis), Chinese radish (Raphanus sativas var. longipinnatus) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus). The optimum concentration of spore suspensions for promotion of plant growth was also investigated. 2. Industrial
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