Preview

Osteoporosis

Better Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1313 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a systemic disease of the skeleton characterized by a low bone density and alterations in bone microarchitecture, responsible for the exaggerated bone fragility therefore, for a high risk of fracture. Biomechanical studies show that bone mineral density (BMD) is the essential factor for bone fragility. Fractures are signs of complications and seriousness of the disease. Currently, the diagnosis of the disease can be done before the first fracture with the BMD and examination of risk factors (Kelman &Lane, 2005)
Pathophysiology
Bone is constantly remodeled in response to microtrauma. This remodeling occurs discretely in the skeleton and bone resorption is always followed by bone formation, a phenomenon called coupling. Architecturally, cortical bone differs from spongy trabecular bone, but their molecular compositions are similar. They both have an extracellular matrix with mineralized and nonmineralized components. Mechanical properties of a bone are mainly directed by the constitution and architecture of the extracellular matrix. Collagen and minerals play a great role on bone strength (Rossouw et al, 2002).
This permanent remodeling maintains the phosphocalcic homeostasis. Bone resorption is carried out by multinucleated cells called osteoclasts. The formation of osteoid tissue which will subsequently mineralize under the action of vitamin D is controlled by osteoblasts. They are both dependent on each other for the bone production and remodeling. Osteocytes, which are differentiated osteoblasts implanted in mineralized bone, control the timing and location of bone remodeling. There is a strict balance between bone resorption and bone formation. In osteoporosis, the coupling mechanism between osteoclasts and osteoblasts is thought to be unable to keep up with the constant microtrauma of trabecular bone. Osteoclasts need weeks to resorb bone, whereas osteoblasts require months to generate new bone. As a result, any mechanism that enhances the

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Osteoporosis is a bone disease that can get worse with time. Your bones become fragile due to losing bone mineral density and bone mass. People do not realize this disease is occurring because they cannot feel their bones becoming weaker ("What is osteoporosis," 2011). Osteoporosis is most likely caused by three imbalances in the human body. Cause number one is a low magnesium/high calcium ratio. Cause number two is your female/male hormone is low. Cause number three is a low thyroid function ("The causes of osteoporosis,").…

    • 651 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Osteoporosis results from an imbalance in which bone reabsorption outstrips bone formation. The net loss of bone matrix renders bones weaker and more susceptible…

    • 1868 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Radio Ad

    • 294 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Zelman, M., Tompary, E., Raymond, J., Holdaway, P., & Mulvihill, M. (2010). Human diseases: A systemic approach (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ:…

    • 294 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Osteoporosis and Bone

    • 1422 Words
    • 5 Pages

    1. The skeleton is a metabolically active organ that undergoes continuous remodeling throughout life. Bone remodeling involves the removal of mineralized bone by osteoclasts followed by formation of bone matrix through the osteoblasts that subsequently become mineralized. The remodeling cycle consists of three constructive phases resorption, during which osteoclasts digest bone; reversal, when mononuclear cells appear on bone surface; and formation, when osteoclasts lay down new bone until the reabsorbed bone is completely replaced. Bone remodeling serves to adjust bone architecture to meet changing mechanical needs and helps to repair micro damages in bone matrix preventing the accumulation of old bone. It also plays an important role in maintaining plasma calcium homeostasis.…

    • 1422 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Osteoporosis

    • 1623 Words
    • 7 Pages

    “A person that has osteoporosis has bones that have lost substances as well as calcium, and other minerals” (UCSF Medical Center, 2010). Osteoporosis has signs and symptoms that one can look for within them. Osteoporosis is not gender selective. There are no symptoms of osteoporosis in its early stages, but there are symptoms that occur late in the disease. Some of the symptoms that occur late in the disease are bone pain or tenderness, fractures, loss of height, lower back pain due to fractures, neck pain due to fractures and curvature of the spine (The New York Times, 2010). Even though any bone break could be a sign of osteoporosis, one is most likely to have a compress fracture in their spinal vertebra. “These bone fractures are a result of weakened bone cracking from the…

    • 1623 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    A process called osteogenesis develops the bone matrix. Osteogenesis requires two types of cells, osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) and osteogenic stem cells. Osteogenic stem cells are undifferentiated cells and can become any kind of cell needed for bone formation. Osteoblasts are scattered throughout bones and make new bone cells called osteocytes. Osteocytes are arranged throughout the bone matrix in circular patterns around a central tunnel called a haversian canal. This canal contains small blood vessels and nerve fibers that supply the needed nutrients to the bone matrix. There are also small, hollow channels called canaliculi that link all of the osteocytes of the bone matrix together so nutrients and wastes can be transferred from one osteocyte to the next. Lastly, bone cells called osteoclasts are present in the bone matrix to break down old bone when new bone layers form. This ensures that the inner cavities of the bone shift with bone growth and repair.…

    • 310 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    musculoskeletal disorders

    • 691 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Osteopenia means that the bone is thinning which could lead to fractures. Bone thinning leads to osteoporosis. Decreased bone density occurs as people age. BMD determines bone strength and it peaks around 25-30 years of age. After these peak years, bone breabsorption exceeds bone building which causes a decrease in bone density.…

    • 691 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    8. What bones are fractures most likely to occur? (due to to low bone density/osteoporosis)…

    • 123 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Osteoporosis is a disease that is described by low bone mass and loss of bone tissue basically thinning of the bones that lead to weak and fragile bones. Bones are always in a state of changing where new bone tissues are replacing the old bone tissue in order to keep the strength. It affects men and women but it is usually a disease that affects mostly women. However when someone is diagnosed with osteoporosis it means that the bone tissue and mass is not replaced as fast with new bone tissue which is one factor of osteoporosis. Another factor that causes osteoporosis is a deficiency in estrogen which typically occurs in menopause causing low bone density because of the drop of estrogen. The probable effects on an everyday life of an 84- year old thin white female maybe critical. Since the bones become so thin and have low bone density, a minor fall can cause a fracture.…

    • 634 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis are both diseases of the bone. Osteoporosis actually means “porous bones” and is a problem with bones where there isn’t enough calcium in them to give them strength. This is because the bone cells aren’t being reproduced as fast as the bone is aging or deteriorating which causes the bones to become fragile. This can happen because of loss of calcium in the bone, or a problem with the calcium being absorbed correctly, which it needs in order to build new bone tissue and complete the remodeling cycle. Even if the bone has enough, other parts of your body may not and will start taking calcium away from your bones.…

    • 464 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Age Estimation Theory

    • 1748 Words
    • 7 Pages

    As this type of investigation becomes more common it is often used in medical research into areas such as osteoporosis (Bruker micro-CT). By using a micro-CT, it is possible to investigate the micro-architecture of trabecular bone (Rüegsegger et al, 1996). Trabecular bone can be assessed by calculating morphometric indices which includes, but is not limited to, the bone volume fraction (BV/TV), the trabecular number (Tb.N), and the trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) (Bouxsein et al, 2010). Bouxsein et al (2010) define these terms as follows:The BV/TV can be obtained by calculating the ratio of segmented bone volume to the total volume of bone within the region of interest; The Tb.N is a measure of the mean number of trabeculae per each unit length, usually 1/mm; Trabecular thickness refers to the mean thickness of trabeculae within the area of…

    • 1748 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    mechanical stress. During the process of bone formation and resorbtion there is an increase in the deposit of mineral (Calcium and Vitamin…

    • 467 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Bone Density Lab

    • 280 Words
    • 2 Pages

    5. When growth stops, bone- forming cells are involved mainly in repair and maintenance of the…

    • 280 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Bone tissue is composed of bone cells and extracellular matrix. It is continuously remodeling its extracellular matrix according to the stresses placed upon it. It has a lot of blood flow and it is supplied by the nervous system. The bone cells includes; Osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The osteoblasts build and repair the bone matrix; the osteocytes are the mature cells that have become surrounded by the matrix while the osteoclasts chew up or break down the bone matrix. The difference between the spongy and compact bone is that the extracellular matrix is arranged differently.…

    • 1701 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Better Essays

    Ossification

    • 1104 Words
    • 5 Pages

    The second step is when bone matrix, also known as an osteoid, is secreted within the fibrous membranes and calcifies. This occurs because osteoblasts begin to secrete this osteoid which is then mineralized (calcified) within a few days which causes the trapped…

    • 1104 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays

Related Topics